MGMT 3720 Exam 3 || Questions and Answers.
Group Definition correct answers two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who
have come together to achieve particular objectives; collection of interacting ind. who share
common goals, maintain a stable pattern of relationship and perceive themselves as being a
group
Group Characteristics correct answers Existence of ...
1. Common Activities: The people must be assembled to pursue a common goal, activity, task,
interest or need
2. Interactions: people must have contact w/ each other; voluntary interactions and two-way
communication
3. a Sense of Belonging: People must be convinced that they are part of something bigger; must
believe they share values, norms, attitudes, and expectations & other people will be there for
them
* A group is ONLY a group if they possess ALL 3 characteristics
Punctuated-Equilibrium Model correct answers groups working to meet a deadline, approach
their task differently in the first half of their time together than in the second half
Punctuated-Equilibrium Model: Phase 1 correct answers define their task, set a mission that is
unlikely to change
*once midpoint, they experience a "mid-life crisis" where they recognize they have to change
their operation to meet their goal
Punctuated-Equilibrium Model:
Phase 2 correct answers groups drop old ways of thinking and adopt new perspectives; start
cranking out the work
* the awareness of time and deadlines stimulates them to confront important issues and to initiate
changes, beginning the new phase
,Role Definition correct answers set of expected behavior pattern attributed to someone
occupying a given position in social unit
EX. supervisor may be expected to give guidance/order. teacher may be expected to lecture and
give exams
Role Perception correct answers one's perception of how to act in a given situation
EX. internships exist to allow beginner watch an 'expert' so that they can learn to act as they are
supposed to
Role Expectations correct answers how others believe one should act in a given situation
EX. President has certain role expectations simply because they hold that position
Role Conflict correct answers situation in which an individual faces divergent role expectations
*Often occur due to work-family conflict, mergers and acquisitions (can be torn b/w their
identities as members of their original org. and the new parent company)
Interrole Conflict correct answers expectations of our different, separate groups are in opposition
Role Ambiguity correct answers confusion arising from not knowing what one is expected to do
as the holder of a role
EX. experience by new members due to limited opportunities to "learn the ropes" (can result in
job dissatisfaction, lack of commitment, and interest in leaving the job)
Supporting Article: Gossip and Exclusion Are Toxic For Groups correct answers On Separate
Paper
Norms Definition correct answers acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are
shared by the group's members (people conform to their reference groups); generally agreed-
upon informal rules that guide group members behavior
1. differ from org. rule bc they are informal and unwritten
, 2. regulate the behavior of groups. fostering workers honesty and loyalty to the company,
establishing appropriate ways to dress, and dictating when it is acceptable to be late or absent
Basis of Norm Development correct answers Precedents set over time: EX. seating location of
each group member around a table
Explicit statement from others: Working a certain way because you are told "that's how we do it
around here"
Reference Group correct answers important group which you belong or hope to belong w/ whose
norms are likely to conform/suit to
Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) correct answers goal is for values to hold normative
sway over employees
*to increase creativity in groups, norms should be loosened however, gender-diverse group
research indicate that strong PC norms increase group creativity because clear male-female
interaction reduce uncertainty about group expectations
EX. high level group extraversion predicted helping behavior more strongly when there were
positive cooperation norms
Negative Norms correct answers Production: leaving early, intentionally working slow, wasting
resources
Property: sabotage, lying about hours worked, stealing from the org
Political: showing favoritism, gossiping and spearing rumors, blaming coworkers
Personal aggression: sexual harassment, verbal abuse, stealing from coworkers
Status correct answers socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by
others
Status characteristics theory correct answers status is derived from one of three sources:
1. The power a person wields over others
Group Definition correct answers two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who
have come together to achieve particular objectives; collection of interacting ind. who share
common goals, maintain a stable pattern of relationship and perceive themselves as being a
group
Group Characteristics correct answers Existence of ...
1. Common Activities: The people must be assembled to pursue a common goal, activity, task,
interest or need
2. Interactions: people must have contact w/ each other; voluntary interactions and two-way
communication
3. a Sense of Belonging: People must be convinced that they are part of something bigger; must
believe they share values, norms, attitudes, and expectations & other people will be there for
them
* A group is ONLY a group if they possess ALL 3 characteristics
Punctuated-Equilibrium Model correct answers groups working to meet a deadline, approach
their task differently in the first half of their time together than in the second half
Punctuated-Equilibrium Model: Phase 1 correct answers define their task, set a mission that is
unlikely to change
*once midpoint, they experience a "mid-life crisis" where they recognize they have to change
their operation to meet their goal
Punctuated-Equilibrium Model:
Phase 2 correct answers groups drop old ways of thinking and adopt new perspectives; start
cranking out the work
* the awareness of time and deadlines stimulates them to confront important issues and to initiate
changes, beginning the new phase
,Role Definition correct answers set of expected behavior pattern attributed to someone
occupying a given position in social unit
EX. supervisor may be expected to give guidance/order. teacher may be expected to lecture and
give exams
Role Perception correct answers one's perception of how to act in a given situation
EX. internships exist to allow beginner watch an 'expert' so that they can learn to act as they are
supposed to
Role Expectations correct answers how others believe one should act in a given situation
EX. President has certain role expectations simply because they hold that position
Role Conflict correct answers situation in which an individual faces divergent role expectations
*Often occur due to work-family conflict, mergers and acquisitions (can be torn b/w their
identities as members of their original org. and the new parent company)
Interrole Conflict correct answers expectations of our different, separate groups are in opposition
Role Ambiguity correct answers confusion arising from not knowing what one is expected to do
as the holder of a role
EX. experience by new members due to limited opportunities to "learn the ropes" (can result in
job dissatisfaction, lack of commitment, and interest in leaving the job)
Supporting Article: Gossip and Exclusion Are Toxic For Groups correct answers On Separate
Paper
Norms Definition correct answers acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are
shared by the group's members (people conform to their reference groups); generally agreed-
upon informal rules that guide group members behavior
1. differ from org. rule bc they are informal and unwritten
, 2. regulate the behavior of groups. fostering workers honesty and loyalty to the company,
establishing appropriate ways to dress, and dictating when it is acceptable to be late or absent
Basis of Norm Development correct answers Precedents set over time: EX. seating location of
each group member around a table
Explicit statement from others: Working a certain way because you are told "that's how we do it
around here"
Reference Group correct answers important group which you belong or hope to belong w/ whose
norms are likely to conform/suit to
Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) correct answers goal is for values to hold normative
sway over employees
*to increase creativity in groups, norms should be loosened however, gender-diverse group
research indicate that strong PC norms increase group creativity because clear male-female
interaction reduce uncertainty about group expectations
EX. high level group extraversion predicted helping behavior more strongly when there were
positive cooperation norms
Negative Norms correct answers Production: leaving early, intentionally working slow, wasting
resources
Property: sabotage, lying about hours worked, stealing from the org
Political: showing favoritism, gossiping and spearing rumors, blaming coworkers
Personal aggression: sexual harassment, verbal abuse, stealing from coworkers
Status correct answers socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by
others
Status characteristics theory correct answers status is derived from one of three sources:
1. The power a person wields over others
