NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Week 5 Final Exam Study Guide
2024-2025
NR565 Week 5 Study Outline
Many questions are written to assess your clinical application of the material from the textbook, in real-world
scenarios.
Chapter 24: Drugs used in treating infectious diseases (p. 692-760) SEE DRUG CHART BELOW
Know the following for each drug class (penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides,
sulfonamides, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, lipoglycopeptides):
e o Spectrum of coverage for various organisms
¢ ¢ Pharmacodynamics
® ¢ Pharmacokinetics
e ¢ Pharmacotherapeutics
e ¢ (linical indications & dosing
e o ADRs
® o Monitoring
e o Patient education
Antimicrobial resistance
Treatment of Group A and Group B beta streptococci
Cross sensitivity with cephalosporins
Category Bacteriocidal or What do they Pharmacokineti Pregnancy Adverse Effe
Bacteriostatic Treat? CcS Category? Safe in
(Indications) pediatrics?
Safe in Lactation?
Penicillins Bacteriocidal; Pcn - Treat aerobic | Absorption — - Catergory B - Hypesel
(PCN and Amoxicillin) inhibits synthesis | and gram positive. | from GI tract, - Safein y
of bacterial cell Red Book depends on lactation - Superin
wall recommends agent, ph of - Safein n
Used in tx bact. URI, penicillin for stomach/intesti pediatrics - GI
pharyngitis strep, otitis Group ne, presence of - Does not disturut
media, sinusitis, pna, STI, A beta streptococci | food; high cross BBB S
wound infx & for Group doses can cause unless - Rash
B beta streptococci | GI inflammatio (maculc
due to low upset/diarrhea n lar)
resistance - Change
Distribution — renal
Aminopcn — treat varies in functior
gram posivite protein - Candide
, anaerobes and binding, well infectio:
gram negative distributed, - Seizure
(MSSA, strep, inflammation ability
H.flu, E.coli, enhance - Decreas
Klebsiella, distribution, oral
Neisseria crosses contrap
meningitides); placenta/breast ves
amoxicillin, milk effectivi
ampicillin; - Interstit
combined with Metabolism — nephriti
betalactamase minimal metab
inhib except for * Severe, type 1
nafcillin/oxacill allergic reactior
Pcnase-resistant — in to cephalospori
(pcnase staph, carbapenems, o
strep, MSSA); not Excretion — beta-lactamase
effective against primarily inhibitors may
MRSA; cloxacillin, unchanged in contraindicate u
dicloxacillin, urine, caution penicillins.
methicillin, in renal
nafcillin, oxacillin | insufficiency
(increase half
Antipseudomonal — | life)
gramneg bacilli
(pseudo
aeruginosa,
enterbacter,
morganella);
piperacillin,
ticarcillin
Cephalosporins — 1% Bactericidal First = gram pos Absorption = | In pregnancy d/t - GI
Generation and limited gram oral, GI tract, increase fluid 2> distubar
(Cephalexin) & Increase in gram | neg; doesn’t enter | rate of shorter half life, (C.diff)
2" Generation neg up the CSF, staph aureus, | absorption lower serum levels - Alterati
(Cefuroxime) generations and strep, pna/resp infx | delayed by and larger Vd blood
3" Generation decreases in gram | (cephalexin, food, IM — clotting
(ceftriaxone) & pos. cefazolin) absorbed by Lactation > safe - Combin
4™ Generation muscle with alc
(cefepime) Treat surgical Second - gram + Pediatrics = in (disulfir
prophylaxis, resp | and H. flu, more Distribution = | neonates immature rxXn —
1% — narrow spectrum tract infx, strep potent, broader widely renal fx causes flushing
5% — broad spectrum pharyngitis/sinusi | spectrum, distributed to increased half life dizzines
tis, CAP, skin, gonorrhea, resp most tissue, and accumulation; n/v, coa
soft tissues, infx (cefaclor variation in kids — varies by problemn
bones/joints, UTT | (CAP), protein drug - Nephrot
(2™ line for kids), | cefziroxine) binding, ty
STI penetration - Superin
Third - some CSF varies by n
gram + and -, not generation - Renal/h
active against c dysfur
MRSA, effective Metabolism = extends
against hepatic halflife
pseudomonas, less | metabolism — - Anaphy
freq dosing, insignificant rXn to p
crosses BBB with don’t gi
inflammation Excretion > cephalo
2024-2025
NR565 Week 5 Study Outline
Many questions are written to assess your clinical application of the material from the textbook, in real-world
scenarios.
Chapter 24: Drugs used in treating infectious diseases (p. 692-760) SEE DRUG CHART BELOW
Know the following for each drug class (penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides,
sulfonamides, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, lipoglycopeptides):
e o Spectrum of coverage for various organisms
¢ ¢ Pharmacodynamics
® ¢ Pharmacokinetics
e ¢ Pharmacotherapeutics
e ¢ (linical indications & dosing
e o ADRs
® o Monitoring
e o Patient education
Antimicrobial resistance
Treatment of Group A and Group B beta streptococci
Cross sensitivity with cephalosporins
Category Bacteriocidal or What do they Pharmacokineti Pregnancy Adverse Effe
Bacteriostatic Treat? CcS Category? Safe in
(Indications) pediatrics?
Safe in Lactation?
Penicillins Bacteriocidal; Pcn - Treat aerobic | Absorption — - Catergory B - Hypesel
(PCN and Amoxicillin) inhibits synthesis | and gram positive. | from GI tract, - Safein y
of bacterial cell Red Book depends on lactation - Superin
wall recommends agent, ph of - Safein n
Used in tx bact. URI, penicillin for stomach/intesti pediatrics - GI
pharyngitis strep, otitis Group ne, presence of - Does not disturut
media, sinusitis, pna, STI, A beta streptococci | food; high cross BBB S
wound infx & for Group doses can cause unless - Rash
B beta streptococci | GI inflammatio (maculc
due to low upset/diarrhea n lar)
resistance - Change
Distribution — renal
Aminopcn — treat varies in functior
gram posivite protein - Candide
, anaerobes and binding, well infectio:
gram negative distributed, - Seizure
(MSSA, strep, inflammation ability
H.flu, E.coli, enhance - Decreas
Klebsiella, distribution, oral
Neisseria crosses contrap
meningitides); placenta/breast ves
amoxicillin, milk effectivi
ampicillin; - Interstit
combined with Metabolism — nephriti
betalactamase minimal metab
inhib except for * Severe, type 1
nafcillin/oxacill allergic reactior
Pcnase-resistant — in to cephalospori
(pcnase staph, carbapenems, o
strep, MSSA); not Excretion — beta-lactamase
effective against primarily inhibitors may
MRSA; cloxacillin, unchanged in contraindicate u
dicloxacillin, urine, caution penicillins.
methicillin, in renal
nafcillin, oxacillin | insufficiency
(increase half
Antipseudomonal — | life)
gramneg bacilli
(pseudo
aeruginosa,
enterbacter,
morganella);
piperacillin,
ticarcillin
Cephalosporins — 1% Bactericidal First = gram pos Absorption = | In pregnancy d/t - GI
Generation and limited gram oral, GI tract, increase fluid 2> distubar
(Cephalexin) & Increase in gram | neg; doesn’t enter | rate of shorter half life, (C.diff)
2" Generation neg up the CSF, staph aureus, | absorption lower serum levels - Alterati
(Cefuroxime) generations and strep, pna/resp infx | delayed by and larger Vd blood
3" Generation decreases in gram | (cephalexin, food, IM — clotting
(ceftriaxone) & pos. cefazolin) absorbed by Lactation > safe - Combin
4™ Generation muscle with alc
(cefepime) Treat surgical Second - gram + Pediatrics = in (disulfir
prophylaxis, resp | and H. flu, more Distribution = | neonates immature rxXn —
1% — narrow spectrum tract infx, strep potent, broader widely renal fx causes flushing
5% — broad spectrum pharyngitis/sinusi | spectrum, distributed to increased half life dizzines
tis, CAP, skin, gonorrhea, resp most tissue, and accumulation; n/v, coa
soft tissues, infx (cefaclor variation in kids — varies by problemn
bones/joints, UTT | (CAP), protein drug - Nephrot
(2™ line for kids), | cefziroxine) binding, ty
STI penetration - Superin
Third - some CSF varies by n
gram + and -, not generation - Renal/h
active against c dysfur
MRSA, effective Metabolism = extends
against hepatic halflife
pseudomonas, less | metabolism — - Anaphy
freq dosing, insignificant rXn to p
crosses BBB with don’t gi
inflammation Excretion > cephalo
