MED-SURG HESI STUDYGUIDE EXAM INCLUDING SATA AND BOW-
TIE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DEEP
RATIONALES 2025-2026 LATEST TEST
1. A client with heart failure develops dyspnea and crackles. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Increase IV fluids
B. Place the client in high Fowler’s position
C. Encourage ambulation
D. Administer antacids
Answer: B
Rationale: High Fowler’s position decreases venous return (preload) and improves lung expansion,
helping relieve pulmonary congestion and dyspnea. Airway and breathing take priority.
2. (SATA) Which findings indicate hypokalemia?
A. Muscle weakness
B. U waves on ECG
C. Bradycardia
D. Constipation
E. Peaked T waves
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Hypokalemia causes muscle weakness, decreased GI motility (constipation), and ECG
changes like U waves. Peaked T waves are seen in hyperkalemia.
3. A diabetic client is diaphoretic and confused. What is the nurse’s first action?
A. Call the provider
B. Check blood glucose
C. Administer insulin
D. Start IV fluids
Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse must assess first. These symptoms suggest hypoglycemia, so checking glucose
confirms the condition before treatment.
4. (SATA) Which interventions help prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) postoperatively?
A. Early ambulation
B. Sequential compression devices
, C. Dehydration
D. Heparin administration
E. Prolonged bed rest
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Mobility, compression devices, and anticoagulants reduce clot formation. Dehydration
and immobility increase DVT risk.
5. A client with COPD has an SpO₂ of 88%. What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer high-flow oxygen
B. Administer low-flow oxygen
C. Withhold oxygen
D. Increase fluid intake
Answer: B
Rationale: COPD clients require controlled low-flow oxygen to avoid suppressing their hypoxic
respiratory drive.
6. (Bow-Tie Style)
Client condition: Postoperative day 1 with tachycardia, low blood pressure, and decreased urine
output
Most likely condition:
→ Hypovolemic shock
Two priority nursing actions:
→ Initiate IV fluid resuscitation
→ Monitor urine output
Parameters to monitor:
→ Blood pressure
→ Urine output
Rationale: These signs indicate decreased circulating volume. Rapid fluid replacement and perfusion
monitoring are essential.
7. Warfarin therapy effectiveness is monitored using which lab value?
A. PTT
B. INR
C. Platelet count
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin affects clotting factors measured by PT/INR. Therapeutic INR is usually 2–3.
TIE 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DEEP
RATIONALES 2025-2026 LATEST TEST
1. A client with heart failure develops dyspnea and crackles. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Increase IV fluids
B. Place the client in high Fowler’s position
C. Encourage ambulation
D. Administer antacids
Answer: B
Rationale: High Fowler’s position decreases venous return (preload) and improves lung expansion,
helping relieve pulmonary congestion and dyspnea. Airway and breathing take priority.
2. (SATA) Which findings indicate hypokalemia?
A. Muscle weakness
B. U waves on ECG
C. Bradycardia
D. Constipation
E. Peaked T waves
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Hypokalemia causes muscle weakness, decreased GI motility (constipation), and ECG
changes like U waves. Peaked T waves are seen in hyperkalemia.
3. A diabetic client is diaphoretic and confused. What is the nurse’s first action?
A. Call the provider
B. Check blood glucose
C. Administer insulin
D. Start IV fluids
Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse must assess first. These symptoms suggest hypoglycemia, so checking glucose
confirms the condition before treatment.
4. (SATA) Which interventions help prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) postoperatively?
A. Early ambulation
B. Sequential compression devices
, C. Dehydration
D. Heparin administration
E. Prolonged bed rest
Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Mobility, compression devices, and anticoagulants reduce clot formation. Dehydration
and immobility increase DVT risk.
5. A client with COPD has an SpO₂ of 88%. What is the priority intervention?
A. Administer high-flow oxygen
B. Administer low-flow oxygen
C. Withhold oxygen
D. Increase fluid intake
Answer: B
Rationale: COPD clients require controlled low-flow oxygen to avoid suppressing their hypoxic
respiratory drive.
6. (Bow-Tie Style)
Client condition: Postoperative day 1 with tachycardia, low blood pressure, and decreased urine
output
Most likely condition:
→ Hypovolemic shock
Two priority nursing actions:
→ Initiate IV fluid resuscitation
→ Monitor urine output
Parameters to monitor:
→ Blood pressure
→ Urine output
Rationale: These signs indicate decreased circulating volume. Rapid fluid replacement and perfusion
monitoring are essential.
7. Warfarin therapy effectiveness is monitored using which lab value?
A. PTT
B. INR
C. Platelet count
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin affects clotting factors measured by PT/INR. Therapeutic INR is usually 2–3.
