BIOM 525-Midterm Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Tissue Engineering is an emerging field involving... - ANSWER ...biology,
medicine, and engineering
Research includes the areas... - ANSWER ...biomaterials, cells, biomolecules,
engineering design aspects, biomechanical aspects of designs, informatics to
support tissue engineering
Steps to tissue engineering (5) - ANSWER 1. cell sourcing
2. cell expansion and manipulation
3. mechanical and molecular signaling, cell seeding and ECM expression
4. implantation of construct
5. full incorporation into host
TEMPs - ANSWER Tissue Engineered Medical Products
Blood Transfusion - ANSWER providing red blood cells into anemic patients to
restore adequate oxygen transport
Platelet transfusion - ANSWER to cure blood clotting defects
bone marrow transplant - ANSWER mainly for cancer patients undergoing high
dose chemo- and radiotherapies
autologous - ANSWER donor back to donor
allogenic - ANSWER donor to different recipient: same species
syngenic - ANSWER genetically identical donor: homozygous twin
xenogenic - ANSWER different species donor to recipient
What defines a stem cell? (2) - ANSWER 1. ability to make identical copies of
themselves (self-renewal)
2. ability to form other cell types in the body (differentiation)
Somatic Stem cells (other term and responsibilities) - ANSWER adult stem cells
responsible for growth, tissue maintenance and regeneration, and repair of
diseased and damaged tissues
Adipose Tissue - ANSWER Fat tissue
, Location of Stem Cells - ANSWER Adipose Tissue, bone marrow, blood
every tissue has stem cells, but most are just there for maintenance. Bone
Marrow has the most accessible and "non-used" stem cells
Symmetric division - ANSWER 1 stem cell --> 2 stem cells
asymmetric division - ANSWER 1 stem cell --> 1 stem cell, 1 differentiated cell
totipotent - ANSWER can form an entire organism
pluripotent - ANSWER can form all three germ layers, including germ cells
multipotent - ANSWER can form multiple cell types
oligopotent - ANSWER can differentiate into two or more lineages (neural stem
cells can differentiate into different types of neuronal cells)
unipotent - ANSWER can form cells of a single lineage
Progenitor/precursor cell - ANSWER already committed to becoming a certain
cell or lineage
Dedifferentiation - ANSWER some mature cells can change into less mature
phenotypes
redifferentiation - ANSWER differentiation of dedifferentiated cells into mature
phenotypes
transdifferentiation - ANSWER differentiation of a differentiated cells into a
different differentiated cells (liver cell becoming a bone cell)
plasticity - ANSWER ability of adult stem cells from one tissue to generate
specialized cell type from another tissue
losing plasticity - ANSWER cells lose their ability to make a wide variety of
specialized cells
in vitro - ANSWER outside the body
Epigenetics - ANSWER stable alterations in gene expression potential without
altering the DNA sequence
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) - ANSWER make all red and white blood cells,
and platelets
Correct Answers
Tissue Engineering is an emerging field involving... - ANSWER ...biology,
medicine, and engineering
Research includes the areas... - ANSWER ...biomaterials, cells, biomolecules,
engineering design aspects, biomechanical aspects of designs, informatics to
support tissue engineering
Steps to tissue engineering (5) - ANSWER 1. cell sourcing
2. cell expansion and manipulation
3. mechanical and molecular signaling, cell seeding and ECM expression
4. implantation of construct
5. full incorporation into host
TEMPs - ANSWER Tissue Engineered Medical Products
Blood Transfusion - ANSWER providing red blood cells into anemic patients to
restore adequate oxygen transport
Platelet transfusion - ANSWER to cure blood clotting defects
bone marrow transplant - ANSWER mainly for cancer patients undergoing high
dose chemo- and radiotherapies
autologous - ANSWER donor back to donor
allogenic - ANSWER donor to different recipient: same species
syngenic - ANSWER genetically identical donor: homozygous twin
xenogenic - ANSWER different species donor to recipient
What defines a stem cell? (2) - ANSWER 1. ability to make identical copies of
themselves (self-renewal)
2. ability to form other cell types in the body (differentiation)
Somatic Stem cells (other term and responsibilities) - ANSWER adult stem cells
responsible for growth, tissue maintenance and regeneration, and repair of
diseased and damaged tissues
Adipose Tissue - ANSWER Fat tissue
, Location of Stem Cells - ANSWER Adipose Tissue, bone marrow, blood
every tissue has stem cells, but most are just there for maintenance. Bone
Marrow has the most accessible and "non-used" stem cells
Symmetric division - ANSWER 1 stem cell --> 2 stem cells
asymmetric division - ANSWER 1 stem cell --> 1 stem cell, 1 differentiated cell
totipotent - ANSWER can form an entire organism
pluripotent - ANSWER can form all three germ layers, including germ cells
multipotent - ANSWER can form multiple cell types
oligopotent - ANSWER can differentiate into two or more lineages (neural stem
cells can differentiate into different types of neuronal cells)
unipotent - ANSWER can form cells of a single lineage
Progenitor/precursor cell - ANSWER already committed to becoming a certain
cell or lineage
Dedifferentiation - ANSWER some mature cells can change into less mature
phenotypes
redifferentiation - ANSWER differentiation of dedifferentiated cells into mature
phenotypes
transdifferentiation - ANSWER differentiation of a differentiated cells into a
different differentiated cells (liver cell becoming a bone cell)
plasticity - ANSWER ability of adult stem cells from one tissue to generate
specialized cell type from another tissue
losing plasticity - ANSWER cells lose their ability to make a wide variety of
specialized cells
in vitro - ANSWER outside the body
Epigenetics - ANSWER stable alterations in gene expression potential without
altering the DNA sequence
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) - ANSWER make all red and white blood cells,
and platelets
