BIOL 334 CONNECT CHAPTER 3 BACTERIAL CELL
STRUCTURE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Which of the following shares a basic body plan with bacteria? - ANSWER
Archaea
Prokaryotes were not fully described until 1962 when scientist grouped them
together based on ___________. - ANSWER what they lacked compared to
eukaryotes
Which of the following describes the controversy concerning the use of the term
"prokaryote?" - ANSWER Biochemical, genetic, and genomic analysis have
shown that Bacteria and Archaea are distinct taxa.
the term used to describe the bacterial cell shape in this image is _ - ANSWER
coccus
Which genus gets its name due to the cellular arrangement of spherical cells
found in clusters, like a bunch of grapes? - ANSWER Staphylococcus
Identify all the general similarities between Bacteria and Archaea. - ANSWER
Lack membrane bound organelles
Smaller than eukaryotes
Historically, prokaryotes were differentiated from eukaryotes by ______. -
ANSWER the absence of a nucleus
Which of the following organisms appears to blur the lines between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes? - ANSWER Archaea
Archaea microbes share some very interesting similarities to both _ and _
organisms - ANSWER bacteria
eukaryotic
The two most common bacterial cell shapes are _____ and _____, both shown
here - ANSWER bacilli
cocci
Which term describes the cellular arrangement of spherical cells linked in a
chain? - ANSWER Streptococcus
Fungi are _ organisms - ANSWER Eukaryotic
,Which two of the following are differences between spirochetes and spirilla? -
ANSWER Spirochetes are more flexible, spiral shaped structures, spirilla are
more rigid spiral shaped structures.
Spirochetes have a unique internal flagella arrangement, spirilla have one or
more flagella at one or both the ends.
Which of the following terms describes a bacterial cell that is variable in shape
and lacks a single characteristic form? - ANSWER Pleomorphic
A mycelium consists of a network of long branched ______. - ANSWER hyphae
The bacterial shape known as a rod is also termed a _. - ANSWER bacillis
Which term describes a bacterial cell that is a slightly "bent rod" shape, also
called comma-shaped? - ANSWER vibrio
Bacterial cells that are variable in shape and lack a single characteristic form
are called ___ in shape. - ANSWER pleomorphic
Being _____ allows for some bacteria to have a degree of differentiation among
the cells in this arrangement. - ANSWER filamentous
Some bacteria form a network of hyphae that are collectively called - ANSWER
myceolium
The bacterial shape known as bacillus is different from coccus because bacillus
is __________. - ANSWER a rod shape
The cellular morphology of the bacterial cell in this image is - ANSWER fruting
body
Which of the following describes the average size of a rod-shaped bacterium like
Escherichia coli? - ANSWER about 1 μm wide and 2-6 μm long
Which term describes long chains of cells found in cyanobacteria? - ANSWER
Filamentous
The cellular morphology of the bacterial cell in this image is? - ANSWER
spirochete
Which of the following bacterial shapes can be described as 1 μm wide and 2-6
μm long? - ANSWER Bacillus (rod shape)
As a cell gets larger, which feature increases the most? - ANSWER volume
,True or false: Cell volume increases about 3x faster compared to surface area. -
ANSWER true
Some bacteria form a network of hyphae that are collectively called _. -
ANSWER mycelium
The smaller the cell, _______. - ANSWER the greater the surface area by ratio
Which of the following determines cellular size in bacteria? - ANSWER surface
area to volume ration
True or false: Mycella are found in many types of fungi. - ANSWER true
Which of the following best describes why bacterial cells are so small? -
ANSWER Surface area to volume ratio
The bacterium E. fishelsoni is one of the largest bacteria known and it also
happens to have a highly convoluted cell membrane. Which of the following is a
reasonable hypothesis for this structure? - ANSWER To deal with surface area
to volume ratio problems of being large.
The highly convoluted membrane of the bacterium E. fishelsoni allows for more
surface area for absorption of nutrients and removal of wastes. A physiological
problem for any cell to get larger is that the cell volume increases much more
than surface area. - ANSWER
Cell wall - ANSWER protection against osmotic stress
Cell membrane - ANSWER selectively permeable barrier
Capsule - ANSWER protective layer and sometimes aids in adhersion
Ribosomes - ANSWER site of protein synthesis
Which of the following seems a reasonable strategy for a large cell to deal with
surface area to volume ratio problems? - ANSWER Have a highly convoluted cell
membrane
Which of the following cellular components are commonly found in most
bacterial cells? - ANSWER Flagella
Ribosomes
Capsule
Cell wall
Slime layer
, In most bacterial cells, the cell
is the structural "sugar bound with protein" layer surrounding the cell, external
to the plasma membrane. - ANSWER cell wall
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter C points to the layer of the cell
envelope closest to the cytoplasm, termed the _____. - ANSWER plasma
membrane;Innermost layer surrounding cell
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter D indicates the - ANSWER
flagellum; Thin, threadlike appendage protruding from cell
Almost all bacteria have a(n) ____ outside the plasma membrane. - ANSWER cell
wall
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter B indicates the - ANSWER
nucleoid; Ellipsoidal structure made of packed loops and coils at center of cell
Which of the following cellular components is not found in both plant cells and
bacterial cells? - ANSWER nucleus
What do both plant cells and bacterial cells have in common? - ANSWER cell wall
(different)
ribosomes (all of life, bacteria have 70S and eukaryotes have 80S)
A bacterial cell envelope is ____. - ANSWER the plasma membrane and all
surface layers external to it
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter C indicates - ANSWER an
Inclusion; small yellow structure floating in central space of cell. There are 2 of
these in pictured cell.
What term is used to describe the plasma membrane and all layers external to
it? - ANSWER cell envelope
True or false: Rods with the same volume as a coccus have a greater S/V ration.
- ANSWER true
Which of the following attributes is found in bacterial cells but not in animal
cells? - ANSWER cell wall
All of life have what? - ANSWER size and structure
cell membranes
ribosomes
Bacterial surface structures external to the plasma membrane and the
membrane itself are collectively referred to as the cell
STRUCTURE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Which of the following shares a basic body plan with bacteria? - ANSWER
Archaea
Prokaryotes were not fully described until 1962 when scientist grouped them
together based on ___________. - ANSWER what they lacked compared to
eukaryotes
Which of the following describes the controversy concerning the use of the term
"prokaryote?" - ANSWER Biochemical, genetic, and genomic analysis have
shown that Bacteria and Archaea are distinct taxa.
the term used to describe the bacterial cell shape in this image is _ - ANSWER
coccus
Which genus gets its name due to the cellular arrangement of spherical cells
found in clusters, like a bunch of grapes? - ANSWER Staphylococcus
Identify all the general similarities between Bacteria and Archaea. - ANSWER
Lack membrane bound organelles
Smaller than eukaryotes
Historically, prokaryotes were differentiated from eukaryotes by ______. -
ANSWER the absence of a nucleus
Which of the following organisms appears to blur the lines between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes? - ANSWER Archaea
Archaea microbes share some very interesting similarities to both _ and _
organisms - ANSWER bacteria
eukaryotic
The two most common bacterial cell shapes are _____ and _____, both shown
here - ANSWER bacilli
cocci
Which term describes the cellular arrangement of spherical cells linked in a
chain? - ANSWER Streptococcus
Fungi are _ organisms - ANSWER Eukaryotic
,Which two of the following are differences between spirochetes and spirilla? -
ANSWER Spirochetes are more flexible, spiral shaped structures, spirilla are
more rigid spiral shaped structures.
Spirochetes have a unique internal flagella arrangement, spirilla have one or
more flagella at one or both the ends.
Which of the following terms describes a bacterial cell that is variable in shape
and lacks a single characteristic form? - ANSWER Pleomorphic
A mycelium consists of a network of long branched ______. - ANSWER hyphae
The bacterial shape known as a rod is also termed a _. - ANSWER bacillis
Which term describes a bacterial cell that is a slightly "bent rod" shape, also
called comma-shaped? - ANSWER vibrio
Bacterial cells that are variable in shape and lack a single characteristic form
are called ___ in shape. - ANSWER pleomorphic
Being _____ allows for some bacteria to have a degree of differentiation among
the cells in this arrangement. - ANSWER filamentous
Some bacteria form a network of hyphae that are collectively called - ANSWER
myceolium
The bacterial shape known as bacillus is different from coccus because bacillus
is __________. - ANSWER a rod shape
The cellular morphology of the bacterial cell in this image is - ANSWER fruting
body
Which of the following describes the average size of a rod-shaped bacterium like
Escherichia coli? - ANSWER about 1 μm wide and 2-6 μm long
Which term describes long chains of cells found in cyanobacteria? - ANSWER
Filamentous
The cellular morphology of the bacterial cell in this image is? - ANSWER
spirochete
Which of the following bacterial shapes can be described as 1 μm wide and 2-6
μm long? - ANSWER Bacillus (rod shape)
As a cell gets larger, which feature increases the most? - ANSWER volume
,True or false: Cell volume increases about 3x faster compared to surface area. -
ANSWER true
Some bacteria form a network of hyphae that are collectively called _. -
ANSWER mycelium
The smaller the cell, _______. - ANSWER the greater the surface area by ratio
Which of the following determines cellular size in bacteria? - ANSWER surface
area to volume ration
True or false: Mycella are found in many types of fungi. - ANSWER true
Which of the following best describes why bacterial cells are so small? -
ANSWER Surface area to volume ratio
The bacterium E. fishelsoni is one of the largest bacteria known and it also
happens to have a highly convoluted cell membrane. Which of the following is a
reasonable hypothesis for this structure? - ANSWER To deal with surface area
to volume ratio problems of being large.
The highly convoluted membrane of the bacterium E. fishelsoni allows for more
surface area for absorption of nutrients and removal of wastes. A physiological
problem for any cell to get larger is that the cell volume increases much more
than surface area. - ANSWER
Cell wall - ANSWER protection against osmotic stress
Cell membrane - ANSWER selectively permeable barrier
Capsule - ANSWER protective layer and sometimes aids in adhersion
Ribosomes - ANSWER site of protein synthesis
Which of the following seems a reasonable strategy for a large cell to deal with
surface area to volume ratio problems? - ANSWER Have a highly convoluted cell
membrane
Which of the following cellular components are commonly found in most
bacterial cells? - ANSWER Flagella
Ribosomes
Capsule
Cell wall
Slime layer
, In most bacterial cells, the cell
is the structural "sugar bound with protein" layer surrounding the cell, external
to the plasma membrane. - ANSWER cell wall
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter C points to the layer of the cell
envelope closest to the cytoplasm, termed the _____. - ANSWER plasma
membrane;Innermost layer surrounding cell
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter D indicates the - ANSWER
flagellum; Thin, threadlike appendage protruding from cell
Almost all bacteria have a(n) ____ outside the plasma membrane. - ANSWER cell
wall
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter B indicates the - ANSWER
nucleoid; Ellipsoidal structure made of packed loops and coils at center of cell
Which of the following cellular components is not found in both plant cells and
bacterial cells? - ANSWER nucleus
What do both plant cells and bacterial cells have in common? - ANSWER cell wall
(different)
ribosomes (all of life, bacteria have 70S and eukaryotes have 80S)
A bacterial cell envelope is ____. - ANSWER the plasma membrane and all
surface layers external to it
In this image of a typical bacterial cell, the letter C indicates - ANSWER an
Inclusion; small yellow structure floating in central space of cell. There are 2 of
these in pictured cell.
What term is used to describe the plasma membrane and all layers external to
it? - ANSWER cell envelope
True or false: Rods with the same volume as a coccus have a greater S/V ration.
- ANSWER true
Which of the following attributes is found in bacterial cells but not in animal
cells? - ANSWER cell wall
All of life have what? - ANSWER size and structure
cell membranes
ribosomes
Bacterial surface structures external to the plasma membrane and the
membrane itself are collectively referred to as the cell
