EGEE 101 – Exam 3 – Energy and Environmental Engineering – study
material
emission trading - ANS ✔✔bringing new parts to less efficient countries to increase efficiency. it is paid
for and then claimed for credit of emission reduction.
biomass - ANS ✔✔replanting forests to offset Carbon sinking. advantages: increased employment,
increased security of energy, increased fossil fuel lifetime, net carbon dioxide neutral, less pollution.
methane - ANS ✔✔contributes to increased concentration in atmosphere. capture the methane for
use instead of allowing leaks. livestock and landfills contribute the most leakage.
sequestration - ANS ✔✔locking away CO2 to keep it from entering the atmosphere. storage of CO2:
ocean, minerals, depleted oil and gas wells, brine fields, coal fields, carbon sinks. power plants: air mixed
with nitrogen... we want the oxygen but it's costly to separate.
sequestration: the ocean - ANS ✔✔need more plankton to fertilize and trap CO2 as they decay for
carbon cycle. this is a carbon sink, there's more carbon in the ocean than in the atmosphere.
3 processes of ocean sequestration - ANS ✔✔1. carbon sink through fertilization 2. inject CO2 into
ocean to form hydrates 3. inject CO2 into bottom of ocean to form CO2 underwater lake.
sequestration: oil fields - ANS ✔✔small holes in oil fields can be filled with CO2. if the field is still
producing the gas aids in extraction of crude through pressure. otherwise cap the methane leaks.
sequestration: brine fields - ANS ✔✔saline formations. estimated saline storage capacity in the US is
large and most existing CO2 point sources are within easy access to a saline injection point. Sleipner
West Heimdel gas reservoir of the Norwegian oil company Statoil is the only commercial CO2 geological
sequestration facility.
sequestration: coal - ANS ✔✔large cracks and pores in coal allows permeability. CO2 is attracted to
the coal micropore and doesn't need much space to bounce around, it wants to associate so we can fill
, more volume than we could with empty space. kicks out methane too, sequester coal, collect methane.
cost is slightly high and would increase the cost of electricity.
conservation - ANS ✔✔if we conserve, we use less, if we use less, we pollute less.
reduction - ANS ✔✔achieved through economic depression, kind weather.
reducing N2O - ANS ✔✔NOx consists of NO N2O and NO2. N2O is the greenhouse gas of the three.
solutions include: NOx removal (acid deposition), mitigation, prevention are applicable to N2O.
nuclear - ANS ✔✔% of power supplied will decrease. output will remain the same but % contribution
will decrease and decommissioning reactors and plants will result in a loss of capacity.
smog - ANS ✔✔ground level ozone. it's harmful.
ozone - ANS ✔✔secondary pollutant, aka is formed by released pollutant interaction. NOx + unburned
hydrocarbons or VOC (volatile organic compounds) --->SUNLIGHT = O3.
smog requires - ANS ✔✔warm temps, sunlight, VOC, NOx natural and anthropological emission.
killer smog - ANS ✔✔combines with ozone and sulphate aerosols.
temperature inversion - ANS ✔✔layer of warm air acts as lid containing pollutants over a layer of cool
air. ground level temp warms up faster than the air above it, pushing the air upwards, breaking the
warm air layer, allowing pollutants to escape.
solution to ozone damage - ANS ✔✔stop using damaging chemicals (CFCs chloroflouro carbons).
reducing VOCs - ANS ✔✔reduce volatility of gasoline fuel. don't overfill the tank to prevent spills. fill
up at times when smog formation opportunities are at their lowest (evening hours). oxygenated fuel
allows less fuel to escape the combustion process so less VOCs.
material
emission trading - ANS ✔✔bringing new parts to less efficient countries to increase efficiency. it is paid
for and then claimed for credit of emission reduction.
biomass - ANS ✔✔replanting forests to offset Carbon sinking. advantages: increased employment,
increased security of energy, increased fossil fuel lifetime, net carbon dioxide neutral, less pollution.
methane - ANS ✔✔contributes to increased concentration in atmosphere. capture the methane for
use instead of allowing leaks. livestock and landfills contribute the most leakage.
sequestration - ANS ✔✔locking away CO2 to keep it from entering the atmosphere. storage of CO2:
ocean, minerals, depleted oil and gas wells, brine fields, coal fields, carbon sinks. power plants: air mixed
with nitrogen... we want the oxygen but it's costly to separate.
sequestration: the ocean - ANS ✔✔need more plankton to fertilize and trap CO2 as they decay for
carbon cycle. this is a carbon sink, there's more carbon in the ocean than in the atmosphere.
3 processes of ocean sequestration - ANS ✔✔1. carbon sink through fertilization 2. inject CO2 into
ocean to form hydrates 3. inject CO2 into bottom of ocean to form CO2 underwater lake.
sequestration: oil fields - ANS ✔✔small holes in oil fields can be filled with CO2. if the field is still
producing the gas aids in extraction of crude through pressure. otherwise cap the methane leaks.
sequestration: brine fields - ANS ✔✔saline formations. estimated saline storage capacity in the US is
large and most existing CO2 point sources are within easy access to a saline injection point. Sleipner
West Heimdel gas reservoir of the Norwegian oil company Statoil is the only commercial CO2 geological
sequestration facility.
sequestration: coal - ANS ✔✔large cracks and pores in coal allows permeability. CO2 is attracted to
the coal micropore and doesn't need much space to bounce around, it wants to associate so we can fill
, more volume than we could with empty space. kicks out methane too, sequester coal, collect methane.
cost is slightly high and would increase the cost of electricity.
conservation - ANS ✔✔if we conserve, we use less, if we use less, we pollute less.
reduction - ANS ✔✔achieved through economic depression, kind weather.
reducing N2O - ANS ✔✔NOx consists of NO N2O and NO2. N2O is the greenhouse gas of the three.
solutions include: NOx removal (acid deposition), mitigation, prevention are applicable to N2O.
nuclear - ANS ✔✔% of power supplied will decrease. output will remain the same but % contribution
will decrease and decommissioning reactors and plants will result in a loss of capacity.
smog - ANS ✔✔ground level ozone. it's harmful.
ozone - ANS ✔✔secondary pollutant, aka is formed by released pollutant interaction. NOx + unburned
hydrocarbons or VOC (volatile organic compounds) --->SUNLIGHT = O3.
smog requires - ANS ✔✔warm temps, sunlight, VOC, NOx natural and anthropological emission.
killer smog - ANS ✔✔combines with ozone and sulphate aerosols.
temperature inversion - ANS ✔✔layer of warm air acts as lid containing pollutants over a layer of cool
air. ground level temp warms up faster than the air above it, pushing the air upwards, breaking the
warm air layer, allowing pollutants to escape.
solution to ozone damage - ANS ✔✔stop using damaging chemicals (CFCs chloroflouro carbons).
reducing VOCs - ANS ✔✔reduce volatility of gasoline fuel. don't overfill the tank to prevent spills. fill
up at times when smog formation opportunities are at their lowest (evening hours). oxygenated fuel
allows less fuel to escape the combustion process so less VOCs.
