ICT 284 Final Exam | Questions and Answers Latest Updated
2026 (Graded A+) - Murdoch University
Name:
Student Code:
Exam Duration: 2.5 hours
Maximum Marks: 75
Question 1 (25 marks)
1. Identify the main phases of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) and briefly
describe their purposes.
(8 marks)
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a framework that identifies all the
activities required to research, build, deploy, and often maintain an information
system. It includes the activities for the planning, systems analysis, systems design,
programming, testing and user training stages of information system development,
plus other project management activities required to deploy the new system.
The main phases of the SDLC include initiation, planning, analysis, design,
construction, implementation.
1. Initiation: To identify the problem or need and obtain approval to proceed. It should
include the objective of the project and the outcome of business benefits.
2. Planning: To plan and monitor the project on what to do, how to do and who does it.
It involves deciding on the goals, scope and constraints such as time, technical, human
resource-related, risks, communication, cost, schedule, procurement and quality.
3. Analysis: To collect information to better understand the details of the problems in
the system. It involves making use of analyzing use cases, use case diagrams and
description.
4. Design: To design the system components that solve the problem or satisfy the need.
It involves describing the tasks, the specifications for the system and operations that
will satisfy the functional requirements of the proposed system to be in place.
5. Construction: To build, test and integrate the system components. It involves
constructing software components such as programming.
6. Implementation: To complete the system tests and deploy the solution. It involves
installation of the software and deploying the solution.
2. List the three (3) triggers for initiating a systems development project, and give an
example of each.
(6 marks)
1. Problem:
There is an unexpected situation where an organisation is unable to operate optimally.
1
, For example, the business processes of the organisation are inefficient due to the lack
of an information system and tasks are done manually. In order to outcome this and
make processes more efficient, the organisation should develop or obtain an
information system.
2. Opportunities
There are areas of improvement for the organisation despite having no problems. For
example, a company has a large number of departments within its system and are
segregated. It could be beneficial to deploy an integrated system so as to allow more
cohesion and communication between the various departments.
3. Directives
There can be new requirements enforced by top management, government or other
authorities that trigger a need for developing the system. For example, the government
can implement a policy that requires every business to allow mobile payments.
Organisations without such services will then have to initiate a system development
project to cater for such a situation.
3. System requirements comprise functional and non-functional requirements.
Explain what is meant by each of these, and use the example of a student records
system (which records information about student enrolment in units and the grades
they receive) to give examples of:
● Two (2) functional requirements
● Two (2) non-functional requirements
(6 marks)
Functional requirements refers to the activities that the system must perform.
Nonfunctional requirements refers to system characteristics other than the activities
it must perform or support.
Example of functional requirements:
1. The system must be able to do student registration services and input data such
as student name, student id, student address, contact number, email, and
parent/guardian information.
2. The system should be able to record and display information about students’
enrolment, such as grades, attendance, course and modules completed.
Example of non-functional requirements:
1. The system must be able to retrieve student enrolment information quickly
from the system without much delay. It must be reliable with little to no
downtime.
2. The system must be secure and protect the students’ information from external
threats so as to ensure data integrity and security. It can implement an
authentication system.
4. A university is imitating a project to replace its Learning Management Systems
2
2026 (Graded A+) - Murdoch University
Name:
Student Code:
Exam Duration: 2.5 hours
Maximum Marks: 75
Question 1 (25 marks)
1. Identify the main phases of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) and briefly
describe their purposes.
(8 marks)
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a framework that identifies all the
activities required to research, build, deploy, and often maintain an information
system. It includes the activities for the planning, systems analysis, systems design,
programming, testing and user training stages of information system development,
plus other project management activities required to deploy the new system.
The main phases of the SDLC include initiation, planning, analysis, design,
construction, implementation.
1. Initiation: To identify the problem or need and obtain approval to proceed. It should
include the objective of the project and the outcome of business benefits.
2. Planning: To plan and monitor the project on what to do, how to do and who does it.
It involves deciding on the goals, scope and constraints such as time, technical, human
resource-related, risks, communication, cost, schedule, procurement and quality.
3. Analysis: To collect information to better understand the details of the problems in
the system. It involves making use of analyzing use cases, use case diagrams and
description.
4. Design: To design the system components that solve the problem or satisfy the need.
It involves describing the tasks, the specifications for the system and operations that
will satisfy the functional requirements of the proposed system to be in place.
5. Construction: To build, test and integrate the system components. It involves
constructing software components such as programming.
6. Implementation: To complete the system tests and deploy the solution. It involves
installation of the software and deploying the solution.
2. List the three (3) triggers for initiating a systems development project, and give an
example of each.
(6 marks)
1. Problem:
There is an unexpected situation where an organisation is unable to operate optimally.
1
, For example, the business processes of the organisation are inefficient due to the lack
of an information system and tasks are done manually. In order to outcome this and
make processes more efficient, the organisation should develop or obtain an
information system.
2. Opportunities
There are areas of improvement for the organisation despite having no problems. For
example, a company has a large number of departments within its system and are
segregated. It could be beneficial to deploy an integrated system so as to allow more
cohesion and communication between the various departments.
3. Directives
There can be new requirements enforced by top management, government or other
authorities that trigger a need for developing the system. For example, the government
can implement a policy that requires every business to allow mobile payments.
Organisations without such services will then have to initiate a system development
project to cater for such a situation.
3. System requirements comprise functional and non-functional requirements.
Explain what is meant by each of these, and use the example of a student records
system (which records information about student enrolment in units and the grades
they receive) to give examples of:
● Two (2) functional requirements
● Two (2) non-functional requirements
(6 marks)
Functional requirements refers to the activities that the system must perform.
Nonfunctional requirements refers to system characteristics other than the activities
it must perform or support.
Example of functional requirements:
1. The system must be able to do student registration services and input data such
as student name, student id, student address, contact number, email, and
parent/guardian information.
2. The system should be able to record and display information about students’
enrolment, such as grades, attendance, course and modules completed.
Example of non-functional requirements:
1. The system must be able to retrieve student enrolment information quickly
from the system without much delay. It must be reliable with little to no
downtime.
2. The system must be secure and protect the students’ information from external
threats so as to ensure data integrity and security. It can implement an
authentication system.
4. A university is imitating a project to replace its Learning Management Systems
2
