NSG 6005 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
WEEK 1 FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+
◉ How medication transports through cell. Answer: Antagonists
bind and prevent receptor activation (competitive or
noncompetitive inhibition)
◉ How medication transports through cell. Answer: Medications
may bind allosterically to another site resulting in an increase or a
decrease in the response to the agonist
◉ How medication transports through a cell. Answer: Multiple forms
of the same receptors can exist and interact with medications
◉ How medication transports through a cell. Answer: Medications
may be bound to proteins
◉ How medication transports through a cell. Answer: Medications
may bind to multiple types of receptors resulting in altered
therapeutic effects and side effects
,◉ Ionization. Answer: Plays a significant role in absorption,
distribution across membranes, and renal elimination.
◉ Passive diffusion. Answer: Being charged is a negative factor
◉ Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Answer: May take on a
charge to become neutral
◉ Quaternary amines. Answer: Always charged
◉ Charged medications. Answer: Water soluble and more easily
eliminated by the kidneys
◉ Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Answer: Defines role of PH t
degree of ionization: Log of prontonated=pKa-PH
◉ Most drugs. Answer: Weak acids (donate H+)
Weak bases (accept H+)
◉ PH of stomach. Answer: Manipulates base or acid of drug
◉ Urine. Answer: Can alter absorption or elimination based on PH
, ◉ Distribution. Answer: Requires adequate blood supply. Drug goes
to areas of high blood flow first. Areas of low blood supply have a
slower delivery
◉ Phase I metabolism. Answer: Oxidation, reduction, deamination,
hydrolysis, sulfonation: -OH, -SH, -NH2 added or unmasked.
◉ Oxidation. Answer: The combination of a substance with O2
◉ Reduction. Answer: The act of reducing
◉ Deamination. Answer: Bodily process in which amino groups are
removed from excess proteins. This happens most often in the liver,
though it also occurs in the kidneys.
◉ Hydrolysis. Answer: A chemical process in which a molecule of
water is added to a substance.
◉ Sulfonation. Answer: An organic reaction in which a hydrogen
atom on an arene is replaced by a sulfonic acid functional group in
an electrophilic aromatic substitution
◉ Cytochrome P450. Answer: Enzymes located in liver or gut
involved in these reactions
WEEK 1 FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+
◉ How medication transports through cell. Answer: Antagonists
bind and prevent receptor activation (competitive or
noncompetitive inhibition)
◉ How medication transports through cell. Answer: Medications
may bind allosterically to another site resulting in an increase or a
decrease in the response to the agonist
◉ How medication transports through a cell. Answer: Multiple forms
of the same receptors can exist and interact with medications
◉ How medication transports through a cell. Answer: Medications
may be bound to proteins
◉ How medication transports through a cell. Answer: Medications
may bind to multiple types of receptors resulting in altered
therapeutic effects and side effects
,◉ Ionization. Answer: Plays a significant role in absorption,
distribution across membranes, and renal elimination.
◉ Passive diffusion. Answer: Being charged is a negative factor
◉ Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Answer: May take on a
charge to become neutral
◉ Quaternary amines. Answer: Always charged
◉ Charged medications. Answer: Water soluble and more easily
eliminated by the kidneys
◉ Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Answer: Defines role of PH t
degree of ionization: Log of prontonated=pKa-PH
◉ Most drugs. Answer: Weak acids (donate H+)
Weak bases (accept H+)
◉ PH of stomach. Answer: Manipulates base or acid of drug
◉ Urine. Answer: Can alter absorption or elimination based on PH
, ◉ Distribution. Answer: Requires adequate blood supply. Drug goes
to areas of high blood flow first. Areas of low blood supply have a
slower delivery
◉ Phase I metabolism. Answer: Oxidation, reduction, deamination,
hydrolysis, sulfonation: -OH, -SH, -NH2 added or unmasked.
◉ Oxidation. Answer: The combination of a substance with O2
◉ Reduction. Answer: The act of reducing
◉ Deamination. Answer: Bodily process in which amino groups are
removed from excess proteins. This happens most often in the liver,
though it also occurs in the kidneys.
◉ Hydrolysis. Answer: A chemical process in which a molecule of
water is added to a substance.
◉ Sulfonation. Answer: An organic reaction in which a hydrogen
atom on an arene is replaced by a sulfonic acid functional group in
an electrophilic aromatic substitution
◉ Cytochrome P450. Answer: Enzymes located in liver or gut
involved in these reactions
