NSG 3850 - EXAM 1
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📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 98 Qs
This document, "NSG 3850 - Exam 1," covers specific topics in nursing, including body fluid compartment
concepts, renal physiology, and fluid and electrolyte balance. The 98 questions with correct answers and
detailed explanations provide a comprehensive review of key concepts, such as the composition and
distribution of extracellular and intracellular fluid, the roles of ADH and aldosterone, and the
pathophysiology of edema. Students can use this document to study, review, and understand these
concepts, preparing them for exams and clinical practice.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F?
CORRECT ANSWER
True
RATIONALE: The statement is true because the majority of the body's fluid is indeed intracellular, existing within cells,
while a smaller proportion, approximately 1/3, is extracellular, existing outside of cells in spaces such as blood plasma
and interstitial fluid. This distribution allows cells to maintain their internal environment and regulate the balance of fluids
and electrolytes necessary for proper cellular function.
QUESTION 2
Where is the extracellular fluid?
CORRECT ANSWER
- between cells (interstitial)
- blood vessels (vascular)
- dense connective tissue and bone
- CSF, GI fluids, synovial (transcellular)
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, RATIONALE: Extracellular fluid refers to the fluid outside cells, which can be found in various compartments such as the
spaces between cells (interstitial), within blood vessels (vascular), and in specialized fluid-filled compartments like CSF,
GI fluids, and synovial fluid. These locations are distinct from the intracellular fluid, which is confined within cells, and
the correct grouping of extracellular fluid locations highlights the unique characteristics and functions of each
compartment.
QUESTION 3
When ADH is low, urine volume is
CORRECT ANSWER
high
RATIONALE: When ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is low, it means the kidneys are not receiving the signal to reabsorb
water back into the bloodstream, so more water is excreted in the urine. As a result, the kidneys produce dilute urine,
leading to a higher urine volume.
QUESTION 4
When aldosterone is high, urine volume is
CORRECT ANSWER
low
RATIONALE: Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates electrolyte balance and fluid retention in the body, causing the
kidneys to retain sodium and water. When aldosterone levels are high, the kidneys retain more water, leading to a
decrease in urine volume.
QUESTION 5
ADH is the "____ water" hormone.
CORRECT ANSWER
free *causes kidneys to reabsorb plain water
RATIONALE: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) triggers the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream, which is a
crucial function in regulating the body's water balance. This process is essential for concentrating the urine and
preventing excessive water loss, making ADH a hormone that promotes water conservation, thus it's called the "water"
hormone.
QUESTION 6
Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone.
CORRECT ANSWER
salt *causes kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium
RATIONALE: Aldosterone, often referred to as the "water-retaining" hormone, plays a crucial role in regulating the
balance of fluids in the body by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb water, which in turn, helps to conserve sodium. This
relationship between aldosterone, water reabsorption, and sodium retention is essential for maintaining proper blood
pressure and preventing dehydration.
QUESTION 7
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, BNP is synthesized and released from ventricular cells when ventricular diastolic pressure INCREASES
abnormally, as in:
CORRECT ANSWER
heart failure.
RATIONALE: BNP is a hormone that helps regulate the balance of fluids in the body, and its release is triggered by
increased ventricular diastolic pressure, which occurs when the heart is unable to relax and fill properly due to excessive
fluid buildup or increased stiffness of the heart muscle. The increased pressure stretches the ventricular cells, leading to
the release of BNP, which then signals the kidneys to remove excess fluid from the body and reduce the workload on the
heart.
QUESTION 8
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid _______________ in _________.
CORRECT ANSWER
excretion, urine
RATIONALE: Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid excretion in the kidneys by causing an increase in sodium
excretion, leading to a decrease in fluid retention in the body. This process ultimately results in the formation and
production of urine, which carries excess fluid and electrolytes out of the body.
QUESTION 9
Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O caused by aldosterone makes a smaller volume of urine and
___________ extracellular fluid volume.
CORRECT ANSWER
expands
RATIONALE: Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na+) and water (H2O) by the kidneys, which leads
to an increase in blood volume due to the reabsorbed water contributing to the overall blood volume. As a result, the
increased blood volume causes the body to retain more water, leading to an expansion of extracellular fluid volume, not
a decrease.
QUESTION 10
Water moves in and out of cells via:
Can electrolytes move freely across the cell membrane?
CORRECT ANSWER
osmosis
No!
RATIONALE: The statement "osmosis No!" is correct because it implies that osmosis is a specific type of movement (the
movement of water molecules), but it's incomplete, as the question asks about the movement of water and other
substances in and out of cells via various processes, not just osmosis. This incomplete answer is a clever way to indicate
that the question is incomplete or that there's a distinction being made between osmosis and other processes, like
diffusion, which may be relevant to electrolytes.
QUESTION 11
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, A gain of more water than salt is called:
*gain water
CORRECT ANSWER
dilutional hyponatremia
RATIONALE: "Dilutional hyponatremia" is the correct answer because it describes a condition where there is an
excessive intake of water relative to salt, causing the body's sodium levels to become diluted. This dilution occurs when
the body's sodium concentration decreases below a certain threshold, typically defined as 135 mmol/L, resulting in
hyponatremia, a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood.
QUESTION 12
A loss of more salt than water is called:
*lose salt
CORRECT ANSWER
depletional hyponatremia
RATIONALE: Depletional hyponatremia occurs when there's an excessive loss of sodium, a key component of salt,
relative to water, resulting in an imbalance that needs to be corrected. This condition underscores the importance of
maintaining a delicate balance between sodium and water levels in the body.
QUESTION 13
Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion in urine?
CORRECT ANSWER
Increases
RATIONALE: Aldosterone acts as a mineralocorticoid hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water
while promoting the excretion of potassium. By doing so, it directly increases the amount of potassium excreted in urine,
thus playing a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance in the body.
QUESTION 14
I have low ionized calcium levels after a massive or fast blood transfusion or FFP because of:
CORRECT ANSWER
citrate (preservative in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive
RATIONALE: Ionized calcium levels can drop during massive or fast blood transfusions because citrate, a preservative in
blood products, binds to calcium ions, effectively making them inactive and reducing the amount of available ionized
calcium. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in situations involving FFP (fresh frozen plasma), which contains high
amounts of citrate, further contributing to the decrease in ionized calcium levels.
QUESTION 15
PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have:
CORRECT ANSWER
low levels of calcium
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
Page 4 of 33
95+ (Fully Updated 2026) Exam Questions + Verified & Rationalized
Answers | A+ Graded
100% Guarantee Pass
📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 98 Qs
This document, "NSG 3850 - Exam 1," covers specific topics in nursing, including body fluid compartment
concepts, renal physiology, and fluid and electrolyte balance. The 98 questions with correct answers and
detailed explanations provide a comprehensive review of key concepts, such as the composition and
distribution of extracellular and intracellular fluid, the roles of ADH and aldosterone, and the
pathophysiology of edema. Students can use this document to study, review, and understand these
concepts, preparing them for exams and clinical practice.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F?
CORRECT ANSWER
True
RATIONALE: The statement is true because the majority of the body's fluid is indeed intracellular, existing within cells,
while a smaller proportion, approximately 1/3, is extracellular, existing outside of cells in spaces such as blood plasma
and interstitial fluid. This distribution allows cells to maintain their internal environment and regulate the balance of fluids
and electrolytes necessary for proper cellular function.
QUESTION 2
Where is the extracellular fluid?
CORRECT ANSWER
- between cells (interstitial)
- blood vessels (vascular)
- dense connective tissue and bone
- CSF, GI fluids, synovial (transcellular)
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 33
, RATIONALE: Extracellular fluid refers to the fluid outside cells, which can be found in various compartments such as the
spaces between cells (interstitial), within blood vessels (vascular), and in specialized fluid-filled compartments like CSF,
GI fluids, and synovial fluid. These locations are distinct from the intracellular fluid, which is confined within cells, and
the correct grouping of extracellular fluid locations highlights the unique characteristics and functions of each
compartment.
QUESTION 3
When ADH is low, urine volume is
CORRECT ANSWER
high
RATIONALE: When ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is low, it means the kidneys are not receiving the signal to reabsorb
water back into the bloodstream, so more water is excreted in the urine. As a result, the kidneys produce dilute urine,
leading to a higher urine volume.
QUESTION 4
When aldosterone is high, urine volume is
CORRECT ANSWER
low
RATIONALE: Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates electrolyte balance and fluid retention in the body, causing the
kidneys to retain sodium and water. When aldosterone levels are high, the kidneys retain more water, leading to a
decrease in urine volume.
QUESTION 5
ADH is the "____ water" hormone.
CORRECT ANSWER
free *causes kidneys to reabsorb plain water
RATIONALE: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) triggers the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream, which is a
crucial function in regulating the body's water balance. This process is essential for concentrating the urine and
preventing excessive water loss, making ADH a hormone that promotes water conservation, thus it's called the "water"
hormone.
QUESTION 6
Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone.
CORRECT ANSWER
salt *causes kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium
RATIONALE: Aldosterone, often referred to as the "water-retaining" hormone, plays a crucial role in regulating the
balance of fluids in the body by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb water, which in turn, helps to conserve sodium. This
relationship between aldosterone, water reabsorption, and sodium retention is essential for maintaining proper blood
pressure and preventing dehydration.
QUESTION 7
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 2 of 33
, BNP is synthesized and released from ventricular cells when ventricular diastolic pressure INCREASES
abnormally, as in:
CORRECT ANSWER
heart failure.
RATIONALE: BNP is a hormone that helps regulate the balance of fluids in the body, and its release is triggered by
increased ventricular diastolic pressure, which occurs when the heart is unable to relax and fill properly due to excessive
fluid buildup or increased stiffness of the heart muscle. The increased pressure stretches the ventricular cells, leading to
the release of BNP, which then signals the kidneys to remove excess fluid from the body and reduce the workload on the
heart.
QUESTION 8
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid _______________ in _________.
CORRECT ANSWER
excretion, urine
RATIONALE: Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid excretion in the kidneys by causing an increase in sodium
excretion, leading to a decrease in fluid retention in the body. This process ultimately results in the formation and
production of urine, which carries excess fluid and electrolytes out of the body.
QUESTION 9
Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O caused by aldosterone makes a smaller volume of urine and
___________ extracellular fluid volume.
CORRECT ANSWER
expands
RATIONALE: Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions (Na+) and water (H2O) by the kidneys, which leads
to an increase in blood volume due to the reabsorbed water contributing to the overall blood volume. As a result, the
increased blood volume causes the body to retain more water, leading to an expansion of extracellular fluid volume, not
a decrease.
QUESTION 10
Water moves in and out of cells via:
Can electrolytes move freely across the cell membrane?
CORRECT ANSWER
osmosis
No!
RATIONALE: The statement "osmosis No!" is correct because it implies that osmosis is a specific type of movement (the
movement of water molecules), but it's incomplete, as the question asks about the movement of water and other
substances in and out of cells via various processes, not just osmosis. This incomplete answer is a clever way to indicate
that the question is incomplete or that there's a distinction being made between osmosis and other processes, like
diffusion, which may be relevant to electrolytes.
QUESTION 11
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 3 of 33
, A gain of more water than salt is called:
*gain water
CORRECT ANSWER
dilutional hyponatremia
RATIONALE: "Dilutional hyponatremia" is the correct answer because it describes a condition where there is an
excessive intake of water relative to salt, causing the body's sodium levels to become diluted. This dilution occurs when
the body's sodium concentration decreases below a certain threshold, typically defined as 135 mmol/L, resulting in
hyponatremia, a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood.
QUESTION 12
A loss of more salt than water is called:
*lose salt
CORRECT ANSWER
depletional hyponatremia
RATIONALE: Depletional hyponatremia occurs when there's an excessive loss of sodium, a key component of salt,
relative to water, resulting in an imbalance that needs to be corrected. This condition underscores the importance of
maintaining a delicate balance between sodium and water levels in the body.
QUESTION 13
Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion in urine?
CORRECT ANSWER
Increases
RATIONALE: Aldosterone acts as a mineralocorticoid hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water
while promoting the excretion of potassium. By doing so, it directly increases the amount of potassium excreted in urine,
thus playing a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance in the body.
QUESTION 14
I have low ionized calcium levels after a massive or fast blood transfusion or FFP because of:
CORRECT ANSWER
citrate (preservative in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive
RATIONALE: Ionized calcium levels can drop during massive or fast blood transfusions because citrate, a preservative in
blood products, binds to calcium ions, effectively making them inactive and reducing the amount of available ionized
calcium. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in situations involving FFP (fresh frozen plasma), which contains high
amounts of citrate, further contributing to the decrease in ionized calcium levels.
QUESTION 15
PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have:
CORRECT ANSWER
low levels of calcium
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
Page 4 of 33
