NSG 3850 EXAM 3
55+ (Fully Updated 2026) Exam Questions + Verified & Rationalized
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📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 56 Qs
This document covers various topics in nursing, specifically nephrology (nephrotic syndrome, acute
pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and glomerulonephritis) and urology (urinary retention,
overflow incontinence, and complications of cirrhosis). Each question includes the correct answer with
detailed rationale, providing a comprehensive review of these concepts for exam preparation. Students
can use this document to study, review, and understand the pathophysiologic basis, clinical
manifestations, and treatment implications of these conditions.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
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EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
a. hyperlipidemia
b. proteinuria
c. hematuria
d. generalized edema
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excessive loss of protein in the urine, which typically leads to low
levels of albumin and a compensatory increase in lipids produced by the liver, resulting in hyperlipidemia. Option "a" is
the correct answer because it is a common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, whereas the other options (proteinuria,
hematuria, and generalized edema) are more characteristic or directly related to the condition itself, making them
incorrect choices.
QUESTION 2
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
a. fever
b. oliguria
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, c. edema
d. hypertension
CORRECT ANSWER
A
RATIONALE: Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma, typically caused by bacteria that
ascend from the lower urinary tract, leading to an inflammatory response that results in symptoms such as fever, which
is a common manifestation of the body's immune response to infection. The body's attempt to fight the infection triggers
a fever, making it a typical symptom of acute pyelonephritis.
QUESTION 3
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is
a. streptococcus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella
d. Enterobacter
CORRECT ANSWER
B
RATIONALE: Escherichia coli is the correct pathogen due to its ability to adhere to the bladder and urinary tract walls, as
well as its urease production, which facilitates the formation of a protective biofilm that enables it to evade the host's
immune response. This unique combination of characteristics makes E. coli the most common cause of acute
pyelonephritis infections.
QUESTION 4
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
a. always rapidly fatal
b. caused by a streptococcal infection
c. associated with supernumerary kidney
d. genetically transmitted
CORRECT ANSWER
D
RATIONALE: Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that affects the kidneys, leading to the development of
numerous cysts that can cause kidney failure. This genetic basis is a key characteristic of the disease, which is why
option d is correct, as it is indeed a genetically transmitted disorder.
QUESTION 5
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
a. renal ischemia
b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. an anaphylactic reaction
d. an immune complex reaction
CORRECT ANSWER
D
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, RATIONALE: The correct answer, "an immune complex reaction," is supported by the understanding that acute
glomerulonephritis is often a result of an immune response gone awry, where antibodies bind to antigens and form
complexes that accumulate in the glomeruli, triggering inflammation. This process is a key aspect of the disease's
pathophysiology, making option d the most accurate description of the underlying mechanism.
QUESTION 6
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
a. anuria
b. proteinuria
c. red blood cell casts in urine
d. foul-smelling urine
CORRECT ANSWER
B
RATIONALE: Glomerulonephritis is a kidney disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny blood
vessels responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. Red blood cell casts in urine are a key indicator
of this condition because they suggest that the glomeruli are leaking red blood cells, which is a consequence of the
inflammation and damage to these vital vessels.
QUESTION 7
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to
be
a. potassium oxalate
b. struvite
c. cysteine
d. uric acid crystals
CORRECT ANSWER
D
RATIONALE: In patients with gouty arthritis, excess uric acid is a hallmark of their condition, and when uric acid levels
are elevated, it can also precipitate out of the urine to form kidney stones. Therefore, the composition of the calculi in
this patient is most likely to be uric acid crystals due to the high levels of uric acid present.
QUESTION 8
The most common type of renal stone is
a. uric acid
b. calcium
c. struvite
d. cesteine
CORRECT ANSWER
B
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Page 3 of 19
55+ (Fully Updated 2026) Exam Questions + Verified & Rationalized
Answers | A+ Graded
100% Guarantee Pass
📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 56 Qs
This document covers various topics in nursing, specifically nephrology (nephrotic syndrome, acute
pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and glomerulonephritis) and urology (urinary retention,
overflow incontinence, and complications of cirrhosis). Each question includes the correct answer with
detailed rationale, providing a comprehensive review of these concepts for exam preparation. Students
can use this document to study, review, and understand the pathophysiologic basis, clinical
manifestations, and treatment implications of these conditions.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
a. hyperlipidemia
b. proteinuria
c. hematuria
d. generalized edema
CORRECT ANSWER
C
RATIONALE: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excessive loss of protein in the urine, which typically leads to low
levels of albumin and a compensatory increase in lipids produced by the liver, resulting in hyperlipidemia. Option "a" is
the correct answer because it is a common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, whereas the other options (proteinuria,
hematuria, and generalized edema) are more characteristic or directly related to the condition itself, making them
incorrect choices.
QUESTION 2
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
a. fever
b. oliguria
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide Page 1 of 19
, c. edema
d. hypertension
CORRECT ANSWER
A
RATIONALE: Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma, typically caused by bacteria that
ascend from the lower urinary tract, leading to an inflammatory response that results in symptoms such as fever, which
is a common manifestation of the body's immune response to infection. The body's attempt to fight the infection triggers
a fever, making it a typical symptom of acute pyelonephritis.
QUESTION 3
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is
a. streptococcus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella
d. Enterobacter
CORRECT ANSWER
B
RATIONALE: Escherichia coli is the correct pathogen due to its ability to adhere to the bladder and urinary tract walls, as
well as its urease production, which facilitates the formation of a protective biofilm that enables it to evade the host's
immune response. This unique combination of characteristics makes E. coli the most common cause of acute
pyelonephritis infections.
QUESTION 4
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
a. always rapidly fatal
b. caused by a streptococcal infection
c. associated with supernumerary kidney
d. genetically transmitted
CORRECT ANSWER
D
RATIONALE: Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder that affects the kidneys, leading to the development of
numerous cysts that can cause kidney failure. This genetic basis is a key characteristic of the disease, which is why
option d is correct, as it is indeed a genetically transmitted disorder.
QUESTION 5
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
a. renal ischemia
b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. an anaphylactic reaction
d. an immune complex reaction
CORRECT ANSWER
D
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, RATIONALE: The correct answer, "an immune complex reaction," is supported by the understanding that acute
glomerulonephritis is often a result of an immune response gone awry, where antibodies bind to antigens and form
complexes that accumulate in the glomeruli, triggering inflammation. This process is a key aspect of the disease's
pathophysiology, making option d the most accurate description of the underlying mechanism.
QUESTION 6
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
a. anuria
b. proteinuria
c. red blood cell casts in urine
d. foul-smelling urine
CORRECT ANSWER
B
RATIONALE: Glomerulonephritis is a kidney disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny blood
vessels responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. Red blood cell casts in urine are a key indicator
of this condition because they suggest that the glomeruli are leaking red blood cells, which is a consequence of the
inflammation and damage to these vital vessels.
QUESTION 7
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to
be
a. potassium oxalate
b. struvite
c. cysteine
d. uric acid crystals
CORRECT ANSWER
D
RATIONALE: In patients with gouty arthritis, excess uric acid is a hallmark of their condition, and when uric acid levels
are elevated, it can also precipitate out of the urine to form kidney stones. Therefore, the composition of the calculi in
this patient is most likely to be uric acid crystals due to the high levels of uric acid present.
QUESTION 8
The most common type of renal stone is
a. uric acid
b. calcium
c. struvite
d. cesteine
CORRECT ANSWER
B
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Page 3 of 19
