NU 155 - EXAM 3
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📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 102 Qs
This document, "NU 155 - Exam 3," covers topics in physiology and pathophysiology, specifically
examining cardiovascular concepts, such as stroke volume, preload, and afterload, as well as various
disease states, including Buerger's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and hepatitis. The document
provides 102 questions with correct answers and detailed explanations, serving as a study aid for review
and understanding of these concepts. Students can utilize this resource to review key concepts, deepen
their understanding, and prepare for exams.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
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EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Stroke Volume
CORRECT ANSWER
Amt of blood ejected by ventricle during a contraction
RATIONALE: Stroke Volume refers to the amount of blood ejected by the heart's ventricles during a single contraction.
This specific definition focuses on the ventricles, which are the heart's lower chambers responsible for pumping blood out
to the body, making the term a precise description of this physiological process.
QUESTION 2
What does digoxin do?
CORRECT ANSWER
increases cardiac contractibility
RATIONALE: Digoxin acts as a positive inotropic agent, which means it increases the contractility of cardiac muscle cells
by binding to and stabilizing the cardiac troponin-tropomyosin complex, allowing for more efficient calcium ion release
and subsequent muscle contraction. This effect enhances the heart's ability to pump blood, particularly in patients with
heart failure.
QUESTION 3
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, Preload
CORRECT ANSWER
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
RATIONALE: Preload refers to the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction, which is directly
influenced by the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole. This relationship is based on the Frank-Starling
law of the heart, which states that the stroke volume increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood in the
ventricles, stretching the myocytes and thus enhancing contraction.
QUESTION 4
Buerger's disease pt needs to avoid smoking & stimulants? (T/F)
CORRECT ANSWER
True
RATIONALE: Smoking and stimulants are known to exacerbate the symptoms of Buerger's disease, a condition
characterized by inflammation and blockage of blood vessels, and can also accelerate disease progression, making it
essential for patients to avoid these substances to manage their condition effectively. By avoiding smoking and
stimulants, patients with Buerger's disease can help reduce the risk of further complications and improve their overall
health outcomes.
QUESTION 5
After load
CORRECT ANSWER
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
RATIONALE: Afterload refers to the pressure the left ventricle must generate to overcome peripheral vascular resistance
and eject blood into the systemic circulation, making "resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood" a
correct description of this concept. This understanding is rooted in the relationship between the left ventricle's
contraction force and the pressure it must overcome to eject blood against the resistance in the peripheral circulation.
QUESTION 6
modifyable risk factors for heart disease
CORRECT ANSWER
-obesity
-sedentary lifestyle
-smoking
-DM
-HTN
RATIONALE: These risk factors are considered modifiable because they can be altered or changed through lifestyle
modifications, such as diet and exercise for obesity and sedentary lifestyle, quitting smoking, managing diabetes (DM)
and hypertension (HTN) through medication or lifestyle changes, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease. Modifiable
risk factors are a key target for preventive measures in healthcare, allowing individuals to take control of their health and
reduce their risk of developing heart disease.
QUESTION 7
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, coronary artery disease (CAD)
CORRECT ANSWER
-a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood & delivery of oxygen & nutrients
to the myocardium
-most often caused by atherosclerosis
-avoid LDL & low fat diet
RATIONALE: The correct answer accurately describes coronary artery disease (CAD) because it specifically mentions a
condition affecting arteries of the heart, which directly relates to the disease's characteristic of impacting blood flow and
oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. The mention of atherosclerosis as a common cause and the recommendation to
avoid LDL and low-fat diet also aligns with the disease's underlying pathophysiology, making the answer a
comprehensive and accurate description of CAD.
QUESTION 8
coronary artery disease (CAD) s/s
CORRECT ANSWER
-n/v
-tachycardia/palpitations
-chest discomfort/pain
-undue fatigue
-clammy skin
-HTN
RATIONALE: The correct answer is a concise list of symptoms associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), which is a
cardiovascular condition caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Each listed
symptom, such as tachycardia, chest discomfort, and hypertension, is a common manifestation of CAD, indicating
compromised cardiac function and reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
QUESTION 9
Stable angina
CORRECT ANSWER
-Pain last less than 15 min
-occurs w/ exercise or activity & resolves w/ rest
-activity induced
RATIONALE: Stable angina is characterized by chest pain that occurs with physical exertion or stress, and is relieved by
resting for a short period, typically less than 15 minutes. This pattern of pain is a hallmark of stable angina,
distinguishing it from other forms of angina that may have different triggers and relief patterns, such as variant angina
which is not activity-induced.
QUESTION 10
unstable angina
CORRECT ANSWER
-chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself
-may not be relieved by nitro & is unpredictable
-not relieved by nitroglycerine
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Page 3 of 28
100+ (Latest 2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions
100% Guarantee Pass
📋 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 102 Qs
This document, "NU 155 - Exam 3," covers topics in physiology and pathophysiology, specifically
examining cardiovascular concepts, such as stroke volume, preload, and afterload, as well as various
disease states, including Buerger's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and hepatitis. The document
provides 102 questions with correct answers and detailed explanations, serving as a study aid for review
and understanding of these concepts. Students can utilize this resource to review key concepts, deepen
their understanding, and prepare for exams.
✓ Verified Answers ✓ Exam Ready ✓ Study Guide
Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide
EXAM QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Stroke Volume
CORRECT ANSWER
Amt of blood ejected by ventricle during a contraction
RATIONALE: Stroke Volume refers to the amount of blood ejected by the heart's ventricles during a single contraction.
This specific definition focuses on the ventricles, which are the heart's lower chambers responsible for pumping blood out
to the body, making the term a precise description of this physiological process.
QUESTION 2
What does digoxin do?
CORRECT ANSWER
increases cardiac contractibility
RATIONALE: Digoxin acts as a positive inotropic agent, which means it increases the contractility of cardiac muscle cells
by binding to and stabilizing the cardiac troponin-tropomyosin complex, allowing for more efficient calcium ion release
and subsequent muscle contraction. This effect enhances the heart's ability to pump blood, particularly in patients with
heart failure.
QUESTION 3
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, Preload
CORRECT ANSWER
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
RATIONALE: Preload refers to the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction, which is directly
influenced by the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole. This relationship is based on the Frank-Starling
law of the heart, which states that the stroke volume increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood in the
ventricles, stretching the myocytes and thus enhancing contraction.
QUESTION 4
Buerger's disease pt needs to avoid smoking & stimulants? (T/F)
CORRECT ANSWER
True
RATIONALE: Smoking and stimulants are known to exacerbate the symptoms of Buerger's disease, a condition
characterized by inflammation and blockage of blood vessels, and can also accelerate disease progression, making it
essential for patients to avoid these substances to manage their condition effectively. By avoiding smoking and
stimulants, patients with Buerger's disease can help reduce the risk of further complications and improve their overall
health outcomes.
QUESTION 5
After load
CORRECT ANSWER
resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
RATIONALE: Afterload refers to the pressure the left ventricle must generate to overcome peripheral vascular resistance
and eject blood into the systemic circulation, making "resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood" a
correct description of this concept. This understanding is rooted in the relationship between the left ventricle's
contraction force and the pressure it must overcome to eject blood against the resistance in the peripheral circulation.
QUESTION 6
modifyable risk factors for heart disease
CORRECT ANSWER
-obesity
-sedentary lifestyle
-smoking
-DM
-HTN
RATIONALE: These risk factors are considered modifiable because they can be altered or changed through lifestyle
modifications, such as diet and exercise for obesity and sedentary lifestyle, quitting smoking, managing diabetes (DM)
and hypertension (HTN) through medication or lifestyle changes, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease. Modifiable
risk factors are a key target for preventive measures in healthcare, allowing individuals to take control of their health and
reduce their risk of developing heart disease.
QUESTION 7
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, coronary artery disease (CAD)
CORRECT ANSWER
-a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood & delivery of oxygen & nutrients
to the myocardium
-most often caused by atherosclerosis
-avoid LDL & low fat diet
RATIONALE: The correct answer accurately describes coronary artery disease (CAD) because it specifically mentions a
condition affecting arteries of the heart, which directly relates to the disease's characteristic of impacting blood flow and
oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. The mention of atherosclerosis as a common cause and the recommendation to
avoid LDL and low-fat diet also aligns with the disease's underlying pathophysiology, making the answer a
comprehensive and accurate description of CAD.
QUESTION 8
coronary artery disease (CAD) s/s
CORRECT ANSWER
-n/v
-tachycardia/palpitations
-chest discomfort/pain
-undue fatigue
-clammy skin
-HTN
RATIONALE: The correct answer is a concise list of symptoms associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), which is a
cardiovascular condition caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Each listed
symptom, such as tachycardia, chest discomfort, and hypertension, is a common manifestation of CAD, indicating
compromised cardiac function and reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
QUESTION 9
Stable angina
CORRECT ANSWER
-Pain last less than 15 min
-occurs w/ exercise or activity & resolves w/ rest
-activity induced
RATIONALE: Stable angina is characterized by chest pain that occurs with physical exertion or stress, and is relieved by
resting for a short period, typically less than 15 minutes. This pattern of pain is a hallmark of stable angina,
distinguishing it from other forms of angina that may have different triggers and relief patterns, such as variant angina
which is not activity-induced.
QUESTION 10
unstable angina
CORRECT ANSWER
-chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself
-may not be relieved by nitro & is unpredictable
-not relieved by nitroglycerine
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