KNES 213 MIDTERM FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE SOLVED
QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative
research? Answer: -Qualitative: observation done in the field or an
environment that mimics the natural environment, an attempt to
understand a phenomenon, data is collected using interview and
observations rather than numeric measurements that quantify the
variable of interest
-Quantitative: measure an outcome of interest, direct measurement,
quantify variable of interest
◉What is the difference between basic and applied research?
Answer: -Basic: bench research, done in a lab to test or clarify a
theory
-Applied: test theories in practice, solving practical problems,
clinical research
◉Must all variables be operationally defined? Can this definition
change over time? Does everyone have to agree with the definition?
Answer: all variables must be defined, this definition can not change
, over the course of the study, you dont have to agree with the
operational definition
◉What is an operational definition? What are 4 factors to keep in
mind when making operationally defining? Answer: The definition
of a variable based on how it will be used in the study, how a DV will
be measured, how an IV will be manipulated, used to define
something in terms of a process needed to determine its existence,
duration, and quantity
Define it so that it can be reliable understood, measured, and
reproduced:
-what is measured
-how is it measured
-who is measuring
-when is it measured?
◉What is measurement? What are the 4 steps of measuring?
Answer: It is a process comparing a value to a standard (without a
standard, the value means nothing)
1. identify object to be measured
2. identify the standard
3. compare object to standard
4. state the relationship
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE SOLVED
QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative
research? Answer: -Qualitative: observation done in the field or an
environment that mimics the natural environment, an attempt to
understand a phenomenon, data is collected using interview and
observations rather than numeric measurements that quantify the
variable of interest
-Quantitative: measure an outcome of interest, direct measurement,
quantify variable of interest
◉What is the difference between basic and applied research?
Answer: -Basic: bench research, done in a lab to test or clarify a
theory
-Applied: test theories in practice, solving practical problems,
clinical research
◉Must all variables be operationally defined? Can this definition
change over time? Does everyone have to agree with the definition?
Answer: all variables must be defined, this definition can not change
, over the course of the study, you dont have to agree with the
operational definition
◉What is an operational definition? What are 4 factors to keep in
mind when making operationally defining? Answer: The definition
of a variable based on how it will be used in the study, how a DV will
be measured, how an IV will be manipulated, used to define
something in terms of a process needed to determine its existence,
duration, and quantity
Define it so that it can be reliable understood, measured, and
reproduced:
-what is measured
-how is it measured
-who is measuring
-when is it measured?
◉What is measurement? What are the 4 steps of measuring?
Answer: It is a process comparing a value to a standard (without a
standard, the value means nothing)
1. identify object to be measured
2. identify the standard
3. compare object to standard
4. state the relationship
