Human Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Cells, Tissues, Skeletal System & Homeostasis

Anatomy- h,Derived h,from h,the h,Greek h,words e.g. h,cardiovascular h,physiology, h,respiratory h,physiology
and h,reproductive h,physiology.
h,
ANA- h,apart h,TOMY- h,To h,cut
Pathologic h,physiology h,- h,is h,the h,study h,of h,the h,effects h,of
HUMAN h,ANATOMY- h,study h,of h,the h,normal h,structures h,diseases h,on h,organ h,or h,system h,functions.
h,of h,the h,human h,body h,and h,their h,relationships h,with h,one

h,another.



HUMAN h,PHYSIOLOGY- h,study h,of h,the h,different
h,functions h,of h,the h,normal h,structures h,of h,the h,human
HOMEOSTASIS
h,body h,and h,the h,involved h,processes h,of h,how h,these

h,body h,parts h, work.
- h,Maintenance h,of h,the h,body’s h,internal h,environment

- h,Negative h,feedback h,loop
DIVISION h,OF h,HUMAN h,ANATOMY -stability, h,Balance, h,Equilibrium
A. Gross h,/ h,Macroscopic h,anatomy HOMEOSTASIS h,REGULATION
- h,study h,of h,normal h,structures h,of h,the h,human h,big 1. Autoregulation h,– h,cells h,lack h,oxygen
h,enough h,to h,be h, studied h,by h,unaided h,eye.
,chemicals h,would h,be h,released h,to h,dilate h,blood
h,

h,vessels
1. Systemic h,Anatomy h,– h,study h,of h,structures h,of
specific h,body h,systems
h,
2. Extrinsic h,regulation h , - h,during h,exercise
e.g. h,nervous h,and h,circulatory h,systems. h,nervous h,system h,commands h,inc h,of h,heart h,rate h,so
h,blood h,will h,circulate h,faster

2. Regional h,Anatomy h,– h,study h,of h,structures h,by
body h,regions.
h,



e.g. h,head h,region, h,thoracic h,region.
ESSENTIAL h,LIFE h,PROCESS
3. Surface h,anatomy h,– h,study h,of h,the h,landmarks h,on
h,the h,body h,surface h,of h,the h,different h,visceral h,organs.
1. Metabolism h,–all h,the h,chemical h,processes
h,that h,occur h,in h,the h,body.



B. Microscopic h,Anatomy 2. Responsiveness h,– h,the h,body’s h,ability h,to
h,react h,to h,changes h,in h,environment h,both
- h,study h,of h,structures h,of h,the h,human h,body h,through h,internally h,or h,externally.
h,use h,of h,microscope.

3. Movement h,– h,motion h,occurring h,inside h,the
1. Cytology h,– h,chemical h,and h,microscopic h,study h,of h,human h,body, h,either h,the h,whole h,body h,or
h,cells
h,individual h,cells h,or h,even h,the h,organelles

h,within h,these h,cells.
2. Histology h,– h,study h,of h,normal h,tissues h,of h,the h,body

C. Embryology 4. Growth h,– h,an h,increase h,in h,body h,size h,that
h,results h,from h,an h,increase h,in h,the h,size h,or

-study h,of h,development h,of h,the h,human h,body h,number h,of h,cells.


h, from h,fertilization h,of h,ovum h,up h,to h,the h,period h,of 5. Differentiation h,– h,development h,of h,cells h,from
h,an h,unspecialized h,to h,a h,specialized h,state.
extrauterine
h, h, life.
6. Reproduction h , – h,formation h,of h,new h,cells
D. Neuroanatomy
h,for h,growth, h,repair h,or h,replacement h,or h,the

-study h,of h,normal h,microscopic, h,gross h,features h,and h,production h,of h,a h,new h,individual.

h,development h,of h,the h,nervous h,system
LEVELS h,OF h,STRUCTURAL h,ORGANIZATION h,OF
h,THE h,BODY


DIVISION h,OF h,HUMAN h,PHYSIOLOGY e.g. h,cardiac h,physiology-is h,the h,study h,of h,the h,heart h,function
Cell h,Physiology h,- h,the h,study h,of h,the h,functions h,of h,living Systemic h,Physiology h,- h,all h,aspects h,of h,the h,functions h,of
h,cells
h,specific h,organ h,systems.
- h,the h,cornerstone h,of h,human h,physiology

Special h,Physiology h,- h,is h,the h,study h,of h,the h,functions h,of
h,specific h,organs

,1. Chemical h,level

2. Cellular h,level

3. Tissue h,level

4. Organ h,level

5. System h,level

, BODY h,SYSTEMS




CELLS h,- h,Smallest h,units h,of h,life

- h,Perform h,all h,activities h,necessary h,to h,maintain h,life

e.g. h,metabolism, h,assimilation, h,digestion, h,excretion,
h,reproduction



TISSUE
Made h,up h,of h,different h,types h,of h,cells

• Epithelial h,- h,covers h,and h,protects

• Connective h,- h,binds h,and h,supports h,other h,tissues

• Muscle h,- h,movement

• Nervous h,- h,connects h,sensory h,structures h,to
h,motor h,structures



• Hemopoietic

ORGANS h,- h,Tissues h,with h,same h,function h,grouped
h,together.



Examples: h,liver, h,stomach

SYSTEM h,-A h,group h,of h,organs h,that h,perform h,a
h,common h,function.