Paper 2 History Content:
Cross Regional War Causes:
World War One Second Sino-Japanese War
Long-term Militarism: Long-term Militarism—
1. Naval Race (Von Tirpitz dude was 1. Military increased control
made Secretary of State of Naval
law to build more ships) Battle between Control Faction (War with
the West) and Imperial Way Faction
Germany and Britain rapidly increased (Military dictatorship that helps the
military size starting from 1898 countryside).
1906—First dreadnought was built and 1935—Victory for Control Faction after
rendered previous ships obsolete. attempted coup by the Imperial Way. (Navy
played a major role in ending the conflict).
1914—Britain had 24 dreadnoughts and
Germany had 17. Result—Control faction given more
authority with right to approve civil
2. Schlieffen plan first devised in 1905 appointments in cabinet.
Success of the plan revolved around rapid
mobilization. Initial steps toward increased military
control in Japan.
Required Germans to go through Belgium
which inevitably brought Britain into the 2. Weak Taisho Democracy
war contributed to militarism
Regime was entrenched in bureaucracy +
factionalism
Lacked popular support and clear ideology
in the political landscape
SIMILAR (Talk about minor nuances
when making points about how they were
different).
Long-term Nationalism Long-term Nationalism
1. Prussian defeat of France in Franco- 1. Disillusionment of Japan
Prussian war (1871) and they are Racial equality (clauses in treaty of
excited to do it again Versailles failed to pass)
Result—Animosity created between Prussia Washington Conference (1921-1922)
and France resulted in the end of the Anglo-Japanese
alliance and Japan’s authority in Shandong.
Creates national identity and revanchist (They allied in 1902 to be less scared of
atmosphere in France Russia).
Unity of Germany in 1871 also created Imposed limitations to the Japanese Navy (it
national identity in Germany. has to be smaller than the navies of Britain
, and US).
2. Russia loses the Russo-Japanese war
of 1905
Cause—Russia was considered a declining
empire and people were increasingly
unhappy about their government and
monarchy.
Result—Russia wanted to create Pan-
Slavism in order to raise nationalism and
support for the government.
Long-term imperialism ish + Nationalism Long-term ish Nationalism
1. Fall of the Ottoman Empire (Sultan 1. General Tanaka resigns over
overthrown by Young Turks in incident in Manchuria (1928)
1909)
Result—Hamaguchi replaced him. He later
Led to long-term Nationalism signed the London Naval Treaty
Vacuum of power created by the absence
of the Ottoman Empire led to the rise of 2. Numerous assassinations by
national identity in the Balkans, especially ultranationalists for Hamaguchi
for Slavic people. signing London Naval Treaty (1930)
1903 June—Pro Austrian King Alexander Assassinations were attempted on
killed and replaced with king Peter Hamaguchi & Inukai
2. Bosnian Crisis 1908
AH annexes Bosnia caused by the decline of
the Ottoman Empire.
Result—Serbia is outraged b/c Bosnians are
also a part of the Slavic people.
More long-term Nationalism: Japan had more Long-Term Economic
Issues Instead (DIFFERENCE):
1. 1912: First Balkan War (Serbia,
Greece, Montenegro, Russia VS 1. Influence of the Zaibatsu:
Ottoman Empire)
After WWI Japan had a strong economy
Serbia almost gains access to the Adriatic
Sea and AH is scared; however, Great inequality remained (84% of the
negotiations cause Serbia to lose port. population accounted for than less than 50%
of the gross total income).
Result—furthers Slavic nationalism and
animosity between AH and Serbia. People such as the Zaibatsus were very
1912—Albania is created in London peace wealthy.
conference to prevent Serbia from gaining
port. 1927 Banking Crisis—many smaller banks
went out of business, showing the
, 2. Second Balkan War (Serbia Vs. monopolistic nature of Japanese economy.
Bulgaria)
1929 Great Depression—Created a lot of
Serbia wins again. unemployment.
Result: Rise in Serbian Nationalism. 1929-1931—Exports fell by 6%
1929 – 1933 (Unemployment): 3.2%
25%
Result: Caused scarcity of resources,
placing pressure on the empire to provide
resources.
2. Overpopulation (Social Ish factor
but also economic)
Japan experienced rapid increase in
population and needed to find more space
for people to live.
Note: Case can be made by comparing
Japan’s situation to growing populations
in Pre-WWI Germany.
Long-term Imperialism Long-Term Anxiety to take resources:
1. 1905—First Moroccan Crisis Imperialism did not play a great role in
Event: Germany attacks France in Morocco, Japan’s decision to expand, it simply
Britain backs France and Germany fails wanted to own more stuff and was afraid of
losing potential resources.
Attempt to pursue Weltpolitik ends in
failure Japan’s goals are similar to the
Weltpolitik goals but have different
Strengthened Anglo-French relationship and underlying elements.
Entente.
1. Northern Expedition (1927): GMD
2. 1911—Second Moroccan Crisis begins to unite China and Japan’s
(Agadir Crisis) interest in Manchuria are threatened.
Event: France sends troops to Morocco; in
response, Germany sends a gunboat to the 2. Xi An Incident (1936): Jiang was
port of Agadir. kidnapped and the Second United
Front was formed between the GMD
Chancellor (leader of Treasury) David and CCP against Japanese
Lloyd George gave a speech that expansion.
empathized with the French.
Result—Entente relationships were further
strengthened
DIFFERENT: Long-term Nationalism
played a greater role in causing WWI while
Long-term financial issues were primarily
responsible for causing Second Sino
Cross Regional War Causes:
World War One Second Sino-Japanese War
Long-term Militarism: Long-term Militarism—
1. Naval Race (Von Tirpitz dude was 1. Military increased control
made Secretary of State of Naval
law to build more ships) Battle between Control Faction (War with
the West) and Imperial Way Faction
Germany and Britain rapidly increased (Military dictatorship that helps the
military size starting from 1898 countryside).
1906—First dreadnought was built and 1935—Victory for Control Faction after
rendered previous ships obsolete. attempted coup by the Imperial Way. (Navy
played a major role in ending the conflict).
1914—Britain had 24 dreadnoughts and
Germany had 17. Result—Control faction given more
authority with right to approve civil
2. Schlieffen plan first devised in 1905 appointments in cabinet.
Success of the plan revolved around rapid
mobilization. Initial steps toward increased military
control in Japan.
Required Germans to go through Belgium
which inevitably brought Britain into the 2. Weak Taisho Democracy
war contributed to militarism
Regime was entrenched in bureaucracy +
factionalism
Lacked popular support and clear ideology
in the political landscape
SIMILAR (Talk about minor nuances
when making points about how they were
different).
Long-term Nationalism Long-term Nationalism
1. Prussian defeat of France in Franco- 1. Disillusionment of Japan
Prussian war (1871) and they are Racial equality (clauses in treaty of
excited to do it again Versailles failed to pass)
Result—Animosity created between Prussia Washington Conference (1921-1922)
and France resulted in the end of the Anglo-Japanese
alliance and Japan’s authority in Shandong.
Creates national identity and revanchist (They allied in 1902 to be less scared of
atmosphere in France Russia).
Unity of Germany in 1871 also created Imposed limitations to the Japanese Navy (it
national identity in Germany. has to be smaller than the navies of Britain
, and US).
2. Russia loses the Russo-Japanese war
of 1905
Cause—Russia was considered a declining
empire and people were increasingly
unhappy about their government and
monarchy.
Result—Russia wanted to create Pan-
Slavism in order to raise nationalism and
support for the government.
Long-term imperialism ish + Nationalism Long-term ish Nationalism
1. Fall of the Ottoman Empire (Sultan 1. General Tanaka resigns over
overthrown by Young Turks in incident in Manchuria (1928)
1909)
Result—Hamaguchi replaced him. He later
Led to long-term Nationalism signed the London Naval Treaty
Vacuum of power created by the absence
of the Ottoman Empire led to the rise of 2. Numerous assassinations by
national identity in the Balkans, especially ultranationalists for Hamaguchi
for Slavic people. signing London Naval Treaty (1930)
1903 June—Pro Austrian King Alexander Assassinations were attempted on
killed and replaced with king Peter Hamaguchi & Inukai
2. Bosnian Crisis 1908
AH annexes Bosnia caused by the decline of
the Ottoman Empire.
Result—Serbia is outraged b/c Bosnians are
also a part of the Slavic people.
More long-term Nationalism: Japan had more Long-Term Economic
Issues Instead (DIFFERENCE):
1. 1912: First Balkan War (Serbia,
Greece, Montenegro, Russia VS 1. Influence of the Zaibatsu:
Ottoman Empire)
After WWI Japan had a strong economy
Serbia almost gains access to the Adriatic
Sea and AH is scared; however, Great inequality remained (84% of the
negotiations cause Serbia to lose port. population accounted for than less than 50%
of the gross total income).
Result—furthers Slavic nationalism and
animosity between AH and Serbia. People such as the Zaibatsus were very
1912—Albania is created in London peace wealthy.
conference to prevent Serbia from gaining
port. 1927 Banking Crisis—many smaller banks
went out of business, showing the
, 2. Second Balkan War (Serbia Vs. monopolistic nature of Japanese economy.
Bulgaria)
1929 Great Depression—Created a lot of
Serbia wins again. unemployment.
Result: Rise in Serbian Nationalism. 1929-1931—Exports fell by 6%
1929 – 1933 (Unemployment): 3.2%
25%
Result: Caused scarcity of resources,
placing pressure on the empire to provide
resources.
2. Overpopulation (Social Ish factor
but also economic)
Japan experienced rapid increase in
population and needed to find more space
for people to live.
Note: Case can be made by comparing
Japan’s situation to growing populations
in Pre-WWI Germany.
Long-term Imperialism Long-Term Anxiety to take resources:
1. 1905—First Moroccan Crisis Imperialism did not play a great role in
Event: Germany attacks France in Morocco, Japan’s decision to expand, it simply
Britain backs France and Germany fails wanted to own more stuff and was afraid of
losing potential resources.
Attempt to pursue Weltpolitik ends in
failure Japan’s goals are similar to the
Weltpolitik goals but have different
Strengthened Anglo-French relationship and underlying elements.
Entente.
1. Northern Expedition (1927): GMD
2. 1911—Second Moroccan Crisis begins to unite China and Japan’s
(Agadir Crisis) interest in Manchuria are threatened.
Event: France sends troops to Morocco; in
response, Germany sends a gunboat to the 2. Xi An Incident (1936): Jiang was
port of Agadir. kidnapped and the Second United
Front was formed between the GMD
Chancellor (leader of Treasury) David and CCP against Japanese
Lloyd George gave a speech that expansion.
empathized with the French.
Result—Entente relationships were further
strengthened
DIFFERENT: Long-term Nationalism
played a greater role in causing WWI while
Long-term financial issues were primarily
responsible for causing Second Sino
