Grade 9 Chemistry
CHAPTER 5.2
MATTER:
● anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
● ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF TINY PARTICLES
The Particle Theory of Matter:
● A theory that describes the composition and behaviours of matter
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them
2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles
3. Particles are in constant random motion
4. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases
5. Particles attract each other
PURE SUBSTANCES
● A substance that is made up of only one type of particle
● ALL ELEMENTS ARE PURE SUBSTANCES
● Ex. Tap water is not a pure substance as it contains water particles and dissolved gasses.
MIXTURES
● A substance that is made up of at least two different types of particles
● Mixtures can be solid, liquid, or gas
● Ex. tea, juice
,THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF MIXTURES:
1. Mechanical Mixture
● A mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter
● Ex. cereal because you can tell if it has a solid and/or a liquid
2. Solution
● A uniform mixture of two or more substances
● Looks like a pure substance but it contains more than one particle. You cannot
distinguish between the different types of particles in a solution
● Ex. Juice because you cannot tell if it has two or more particles
A WAY TO TELL IF A MIXTURE IS MECHANICAL OR A
SOLUTION
● If a liquid or gas mixture appears murky or opaque, it is a mechanical mixture.
Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the
composition of that substance.
● Physical properties are determined by observing a substance using the 5 senses.
Determining physical properties does not change the composition of the substance.
Qualitative Physical Property
A property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical
value, such as colour, odour, and texture.
● A property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value
, ● Ex. colour, odour, etc
Quantitative Physical Property
A property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value, such as
temperature, height, and mass.
● A property of a substance that is measured
● Ex. boiling point, temperature, etc
Physical Properties:
● Colour - red, white
● Odour - burning, critic
● Taste - sweet, sour
● Texture - smooth, soft
● Lustre – shininess or dullness
● Optical Clarity – the ability to allow light through (transparent, translucent, opaque)
● Brittleness – breakability or flexibility
● Viscosity – the ability of a substance to flow or pour readily
● Hardness – the relative ability to scratch of be scratched by another substance
● Malleability – the ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets
● Ductility – the ability of a substance to be pulled into a finer strand
● Electrical Conductivity – the ability of a substance to allow an electric current to pass
through it
, Physical Change
A change in which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new
substances are produced.
● In a physical change, the composition of the substance remains exactly the same.
● No new substances were made
CLUES THAT A PHYSICAL CHANGE HAS HAPPENED:
● Change in shape or form but NO new substance is produced
● Change of State
● Solubility (dissolving)
● Most physical changes are easy to reverse
CHAPTER 5.2
MATTER:
● anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
● ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF TINY PARTICLES
The Particle Theory of Matter:
● A theory that describes the composition and behaviours of matter
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them
2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles
3. Particles are in constant random motion
4. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases
5. Particles attract each other
PURE SUBSTANCES
● A substance that is made up of only one type of particle
● ALL ELEMENTS ARE PURE SUBSTANCES
● Ex. Tap water is not a pure substance as it contains water particles and dissolved gasses.
MIXTURES
● A substance that is made up of at least two different types of particles
● Mixtures can be solid, liquid, or gas
● Ex. tea, juice
,THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF MIXTURES:
1. Mechanical Mixture
● A mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter
● Ex. cereal because you can tell if it has a solid and/or a liquid
2. Solution
● A uniform mixture of two or more substances
● Looks like a pure substance but it contains more than one particle. You cannot
distinguish between the different types of particles in a solution
● Ex. Juice because you cannot tell if it has two or more particles
A WAY TO TELL IF A MIXTURE IS MECHANICAL OR A
SOLUTION
● If a liquid or gas mixture appears murky or opaque, it is a mechanical mixture.
Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the
composition of that substance.
● Physical properties are determined by observing a substance using the 5 senses.
Determining physical properties does not change the composition of the substance.
Qualitative Physical Property
A property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical
value, such as colour, odour, and texture.
● A property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value
, ● Ex. colour, odour, etc
Quantitative Physical Property
A property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value, such as
temperature, height, and mass.
● A property of a substance that is measured
● Ex. boiling point, temperature, etc
Physical Properties:
● Colour - red, white
● Odour - burning, critic
● Taste - sweet, sour
● Texture - smooth, soft
● Lustre – shininess or dullness
● Optical Clarity – the ability to allow light through (transparent, translucent, opaque)
● Brittleness – breakability or flexibility
● Viscosity – the ability of a substance to flow or pour readily
● Hardness – the relative ability to scratch of be scratched by another substance
● Malleability – the ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets
● Ductility – the ability of a substance to be pulled into a finer strand
● Electrical Conductivity – the ability of a substance to allow an electric current to pass
through it
, Physical Change
A change in which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new
substances are produced.
● In a physical change, the composition of the substance remains exactly the same.
● No new substances were made
CLUES THAT A PHYSICAL CHANGE HAS HAPPENED:
● Change in shape or form but NO new substance is produced
● Change of State
● Solubility (dissolving)
● Most physical changes are easy to reverse
