EVOLVE ELSEVIER HESI MED SURG LATEST 2026/ 2027
TEST BANK| COMPLETE 400 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH WELL-ELABORATED
RATIONALES/ GRADED A+| HESI-RN MED-SURG TEST
LATEST EXAM (BRAND NEW!!)
In assessing a client diagnosed with primary aldosteronism, the nurse expects the
laboratory test results to indicate a decreased serum level of which substance?
A.Sodium
B. Phosphate
C. Potassium
D. Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a profound decline in serum levels of
potassium; hypokalemia; hypertension is the most prominent and universal sign.
The serum sodium level is normal or elevated, depending on the amount of water
resorbed with the sodium. Option B is influenced by parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Option D is not affected by primary aldosteronism
The nurse is providing care to a client with a central venous catheter. The health
care provider orders multiple labs. Using the discard method, what steps will the
nurse use to draw the blood samples? (Select all that apply.)
A. Prepare the catheter hub with an antiseptic solution according to facility
protocol.
Pg. 1
,B. Attach a syringe to the hub containing 2 mL of normal saline and flush the line.
C. Attach the vacutainer sleeve or 20 mL syringe to the catheter hub.
D.Withdraw waste blood and discard it in an appropriate container.
E.Draw the amount of blood needed for the laboratory samples.
F. Flush the line with no more than 2 mL of normal saline to flush the line. -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale:
The amount of normal saline flush solution is incorrect. Two milliliters is too small
an amount. The minimum amount is 5 mL, or according to the policies of the
institution. The remaining steps are correct.
When educating a client after a total laryngectomy, which instruction would be
most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
A.
Recommend that the client carry suction equipment at all times.
B.
Instruct the client to carry writing materials at all times.
C.
Tell the client to carry a medical alert card that explains the condition.
D.
Caution the client not to travel outside the United States alone. - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Pg. 2
,Neck breathers carry a medical alert card that notifies health care personnel of
the need to use mouth to stoma breathing in the event of a cardiac arrest in this
client. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation will not establish a patent airway. Options A
and D are not necessary. There are many alternative means of communication for
clients who have had a laryngectomy; dependence on writing messages is
probably the least effective.
During assessment of a client in the intensive care unit, the nurse notes that the
client's breath sounds are clear on auscultation, but jugular vein distention and
muffled heart sounds are present. Which action should the nurse take first?
A.Prepare the client for a pericardial tap.
B.Administer intravenous furosemide.
C.Assist the client to cough and breathe deeply.
D.Instruct the client to restrict oral fluid intake. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct
Answer: A
Rationale:The client is exhibiting symptoms of cardiac tamponade, a collection of
fluid in the pericardial sac that results in a reduction in cardiac output, which is a
potentially fatal complication of pericarditis. Treatment for tamponade is a
pericardial tap. Lasix IV is not indicated for treatment of pericarditis. Because the
client's breath sounds are clear, option C is not a priority. Fluids are frequently
increased in the initial treatment of tamponade to compensate for the decrease
in cardiac output, but this is not the same priority as option A.
A 63-year-old client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted for treatment of an
ulcer on the heel of the left foot that has not healed with wound care. The nurse
observes that the entire left foot is darker in color than the right foot. Which
additional symptom should the nurse expect to find?
A. Pedal pulses will be weak or absent in the left foot.
.BThe client will state that the left foot is usually warm.
Pg. 3
, C.Flexion and extension of the left foot will be limited.
D.Capillary refill of the client's left toes will be brisk. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:Symptoms associated with decreased blood supply are weak or absent
pedal and tibial pulses. The client with diabetes experiences vascular scarring as a
result of atherosclerotic changes in the peripheral vessels. This results in
compromised perfusion to the dependent extremities, which further delays
wound healing in the affected foot. Although flexion and extension may be
limited, depending on the degree of damage, this is not always the case. Options
B and D are signs of adequate perfusion of the foot, which would not be expected
in this client.
A 62-year-old client who lives alone tripped on a scatter rug resulting in a
fractured hip. Which predisposing factor most likely contributed to the fracture in
the proximal end of her femur
A. Failing eyesight resulting in an unsafe environment
B. Renal osteodystrophy resulting from chronic kidney disease (CKD)
C.Osteoporosis resulting from declining hormone levels
D.Cerebral vessel changes causing transient ischemic attacks - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔ - Correct Answer: C
Rationale:The most common cause of a fractured hip in older women is
osteoporosis, resulting from reduced calcium in the bones as a result of hormonal
changes in the perimenopausal years. Option A may or may not have contributed
to the accident, but eye changes were not involved in promoting the hip fracture.
Option B is not a common condition of older people but is associated with CKD.
Although option D may result in transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or stroke, it will
not result in fragility of the bones, as does osteoporosis.
What is the most important nursing priority for a client who has been admitted
for a possible kidney stone?
Pg. 4
TEST BANK| COMPLETE 400 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH WELL-ELABORATED
RATIONALES/ GRADED A+| HESI-RN MED-SURG TEST
LATEST EXAM (BRAND NEW!!)
In assessing a client diagnosed with primary aldosteronism, the nurse expects the
laboratory test results to indicate a decreased serum level of which substance?
A.Sodium
B. Phosphate
C. Potassium
D. Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Clients with primary aldosteronism exhibit a profound decline in serum levels of
potassium; hypokalemia; hypertension is the most prominent and universal sign.
The serum sodium level is normal or elevated, depending on the amount of water
resorbed with the sodium. Option B is influenced by parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Option D is not affected by primary aldosteronism
The nurse is providing care to a client with a central venous catheter. The health
care provider orders multiple labs. Using the discard method, what steps will the
nurse use to draw the blood samples? (Select all that apply.)
A. Prepare the catheter hub with an antiseptic solution according to facility
protocol.
Pg. 1
,B. Attach a syringe to the hub containing 2 mL of normal saline and flush the line.
C. Attach the vacutainer sleeve or 20 mL syringe to the catheter hub.
D.Withdraw waste blood and discard it in an appropriate container.
E.Draw the amount of blood needed for the laboratory samples.
F. Flush the line with no more than 2 mL of normal saline to flush the line. -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale:
The amount of normal saline flush solution is incorrect. Two milliliters is too small
an amount. The minimum amount is 5 mL, or according to the policies of the
institution. The remaining steps are correct.
When educating a client after a total laryngectomy, which instruction would be
most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
A.
Recommend that the client carry suction equipment at all times.
B.
Instruct the client to carry writing materials at all times.
C.
Tell the client to carry a medical alert card that explains the condition.
D.
Caution the client not to travel outside the United States alone. - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Pg. 2
,Neck breathers carry a medical alert card that notifies health care personnel of
the need to use mouth to stoma breathing in the event of a cardiac arrest in this
client. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation will not establish a patent airway. Options A
and D are not necessary. There are many alternative means of communication for
clients who have had a laryngectomy; dependence on writing messages is
probably the least effective.
During assessment of a client in the intensive care unit, the nurse notes that the
client's breath sounds are clear on auscultation, but jugular vein distention and
muffled heart sounds are present. Which action should the nurse take first?
A.Prepare the client for a pericardial tap.
B.Administer intravenous furosemide.
C.Assist the client to cough and breathe deeply.
D.Instruct the client to restrict oral fluid intake. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Correct
Answer: A
Rationale:The client is exhibiting symptoms of cardiac tamponade, a collection of
fluid in the pericardial sac that results in a reduction in cardiac output, which is a
potentially fatal complication of pericarditis. Treatment for tamponade is a
pericardial tap. Lasix IV is not indicated for treatment of pericarditis. Because the
client's breath sounds are clear, option C is not a priority. Fluids are frequently
increased in the initial treatment of tamponade to compensate for the decrease
in cardiac output, but this is not the same priority as option A.
A 63-year-old client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted for treatment of an
ulcer on the heel of the left foot that has not healed with wound care. The nurse
observes that the entire left foot is darker in color than the right foot. Which
additional symptom should the nurse expect to find?
A. Pedal pulses will be weak or absent in the left foot.
.BThe client will state that the left foot is usually warm.
Pg. 3
, C.Flexion and extension of the left foot will be limited.
D.Capillary refill of the client's left toes will be brisk. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:Symptoms associated with decreased blood supply are weak or absent
pedal and tibial pulses. The client with diabetes experiences vascular scarring as a
result of atherosclerotic changes in the peripheral vessels. This results in
compromised perfusion to the dependent extremities, which further delays
wound healing in the affected foot. Although flexion and extension may be
limited, depending on the degree of damage, this is not always the case. Options
B and D are signs of adequate perfusion of the foot, which would not be expected
in this client.
A 62-year-old client who lives alone tripped on a scatter rug resulting in a
fractured hip. Which predisposing factor most likely contributed to the fracture in
the proximal end of her femur
A. Failing eyesight resulting in an unsafe environment
B. Renal osteodystrophy resulting from chronic kidney disease (CKD)
C.Osteoporosis resulting from declining hormone levels
D.Cerebral vessel changes causing transient ischemic attacks - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔ - Correct Answer: C
Rationale:The most common cause of a fractured hip in older women is
osteoporosis, resulting from reduced calcium in the bones as a result of hormonal
changes in the perimenopausal years. Option A may or may not have contributed
to the accident, but eye changes were not involved in promoting the hip fracture.
Option B is not a common condition of older people but is associated with CKD.
Although option D may result in transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or stroke, it will
not result in fragility of the bones, as does osteoporosis.
What is the most important nursing priority for a client who has been admitted
for a possible kidney stone?
Pg. 4
