NSG5003 ALREADY COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Nucleus.
Answer: contains genetic information and regulates cell growth,
metabolism, and reproduction.
◍ Mitochondria.
Answer: breaks down glucose producing energy (ATP)
◍ Ribosome.
Answer: synthesizes proteins
◍ Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Answer: production of phospholipids
◍ Functions of the Skin.
Answer: 1. protects underlying tissues from invasion by microorganisms and
from trauma2. nerves in skin enable the perception of touch, pain, pressure,
heat and cold3. assists in regulating temperature4. supplements the body's
intake of vitamin D by synthesizing this vitamin from UV light
◍ epidermis.
Answer: outermost layer of skin-consists of epithelial cells and melanocytes
◍ Lysosome.
Answer: Digest materials engulfed by cells
◍ Cytoskeleton.
Answer: Helps transport molecules inside cell and binds to enzymes of
metabolic pathways
◍ dermis.
, Answer: middle layer of skin - thick layer composed mainly of connective
tissue rich in collage and elastin -stores water, regulates body temperature
and production of vitamin D, cushions the body, and supplies blood to
epidermis-this layer is richly supplied with blood cells, nerve fibers, and
lymphatic vessels-most hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
◍ Golgi.
Answer: sorts, chemically modifies and packages proteins
◍ Diffusion.
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
◍ subcutaneous layer.
Answer: "hypodermis"3rd layer of skincomposed of mainly adipose (fatty)
tissues and collage-rich connective tissues-separates muscle from skin,
stores fat, and conserves body heat
◍ Passive Process.
Answer: substances cross the membrane without any energy input from the
cell
◍ facilitated diffusion.
Answer: requires a carrier protein (Molecule)
◍ infectious skin disorders.
Answer: Caused by bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic agents. Examples
include impetigo (bacterial), athlete's foot (fungal), chickenpox (viral), and
lice (parasitic).
◍ inflammatory skin disorders.
Answer: Caused by pathologies such as acne, burns, eczema, dermatitis, and
psoriasis. Examples include atopic, seborrheic, and stasis dermatitis.
◍ Osmosis.
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from
an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
, ◍ neoplastic skin disorder.
Answer: Caused by skin cancers. Examples include squamous cell
carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Melanoma is the
most serious type of neoplasm
◍ macules.
Answer: freckles and flat moles, less than 1 cm wide
◍ Osmolarity.
Answer: describes fluid outside the body
◍ papule.
Answer: palpable, circumscribed solid elevation of skin
◍ Osmolality.
Answer: describes fluids inside the body
◍ Active Transport.
Answer: Ex. NA+ K+ pump, requires ATP (energy)
◍ nodule.
Answer: palpable, circumscribed deep, firmex: wart
◍ tumor.
Answer: solid mass
◍ Endocytosis.
Answer: process of bringing a substance into cell that is too large. The cell
membrane engulfs.
◍ Phagocytosis.
Answer: eats solid particles
◍ Pinocytosis.
Answer: drinks liquid particles
◍ Exocytosis.
Answer: release of material from the cell into cell membrane with the
assistance of a vessicle. Ex. Glands secrete hormones through exocytosis
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Nucleus.
Answer: contains genetic information and regulates cell growth,
metabolism, and reproduction.
◍ Mitochondria.
Answer: breaks down glucose producing energy (ATP)
◍ Ribosome.
Answer: synthesizes proteins
◍ Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Answer: production of phospholipids
◍ Functions of the Skin.
Answer: 1. protects underlying tissues from invasion by microorganisms and
from trauma2. nerves in skin enable the perception of touch, pain, pressure,
heat and cold3. assists in regulating temperature4. supplements the body's
intake of vitamin D by synthesizing this vitamin from UV light
◍ epidermis.
Answer: outermost layer of skin-consists of epithelial cells and melanocytes
◍ Lysosome.
Answer: Digest materials engulfed by cells
◍ Cytoskeleton.
Answer: Helps transport molecules inside cell and binds to enzymes of
metabolic pathways
◍ dermis.
, Answer: middle layer of skin - thick layer composed mainly of connective
tissue rich in collage and elastin -stores water, regulates body temperature
and production of vitamin D, cushions the body, and supplies blood to
epidermis-this layer is richly supplied with blood cells, nerve fibers, and
lymphatic vessels-most hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
◍ Golgi.
Answer: sorts, chemically modifies and packages proteins
◍ Diffusion.
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
◍ subcutaneous layer.
Answer: "hypodermis"3rd layer of skincomposed of mainly adipose (fatty)
tissues and collage-rich connective tissues-separates muscle from skin,
stores fat, and conserves body heat
◍ Passive Process.
Answer: substances cross the membrane without any energy input from the
cell
◍ facilitated diffusion.
Answer: requires a carrier protein (Molecule)
◍ infectious skin disorders.
Answer: Caused by bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic agents. Examples
include impetigo (bacterial), athlete's foot (fungal), chickenpox (viral), and
lice (parasitic).
◍ inflammatory skin disorders.
Answer: Caused by pathologies such as acne, burns, eczema, dermatitis, and
psoriasis. Examples include atopic, seborrheic, and stasis dermatitis.
◍ Osmosis.
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from
an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
, ◍ neoplastic skin disorder.
Answer: Caused by skin cancers. Examples include squamous cell
carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Melanoma is the
most serious type of neoplasm
◍ macules.
Answer: freckles and flat moles, less than 1 cm wide
◍ Osmolarity.
Answer: describes fluid outside the body
◍ papule.
Answer: palpable, circumscribed solid elevation of skin
◍ Osmolality.
Answer: describes fluids inside the body
◍ Active Transport.
Answer: Ex. NA+ K+ pump, requires ATP (energy)
◍ nodule.
Answer: palpable, circumscribed deep, firmex: wart
◍ tumor.
Answer: solid mass
◍ Endocytosis.
Answer: process of bringing a substance into cell that is too large. The cell
membrane engulfs.
◍ Phagocytosis.
Answer: eats solid particles
◍ Pinocytosis.
Answer: drinks liquid particles
◍ Exocytosis.
Answer: release of material from the cell into cell membrane with the
assistance of a vessicle. Ex. Glands secrete hormones through exocytosis
