National Counselor Exam SMBJ
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
Convergent Validation - correct answer ✅Refers to times when there is a high
correlation between the concept the test is meant to study and OTHER constructs.
Bergan's Behavioral Model of Consultation - Four Stages: - correct answer
Problem identification
✅ -
- Problem analysis
- Plan implementation
- Problem evaluation
Consultation is used when counselors would like to function more effectively in
individual, group, or community settings. Bergen's model uses a BEHAVIORAL
APPROACH that emphasizes the verbal interactions during consultation. Bergan's
model also focuses on problem behaviors, their antecedents, and their
consequences.
Descriptive statistics - correct answer
includes:
✅
Aims to describe collected data and
- means
- percentages
- standard deviations
- frequency counts.
Analysis of variance - correct answer ✅
A type of inferential data used to
measure the PROBABILITY of an EVENT occurring in the POPULATION.
,National Counselor Exam SMBJ
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
✅
Five Stages of the Racial/Cultural Identity Developmental Model? - correct answer
- Conformity
- Dissonance
- Desistance & Immersion
- Introspection
- Integrative awareness.
Integrative awareness occurs when the individual can appreciate aspects of both
the dominant and minority cultures.
Four levels of measurement: - correct answer
Ratio.
✅ Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and
Nonparametric statistical measures - correct answer ✅
Often used with
DESCRIPTIVE DATA and should be used with NOMINAL DATA (numbers that
represent a category or quality). Ex: chi-square
correct answer ✅
The typical range for the STANDARD DEVIATION when calculating a Z-SCORE -
The range for standard deviation of a z-score is -3.0 to 3.0.
For a z-score, the mean is 0 and the standard deviation is 1.0. When the raw score
is below the mean, the z-score is negative, and when the raw score is above the
mean, the z-score is positive.
Why might the t-test be used? - correct answer ✅ To determine whether the
mean scores of two groups are significantly different from each other
,National Counselor Exam SMBJ
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
This test compares the t value from the first calculation to the t value in the
second calculation to find whether the mean scores of the two groups are
significantly different from each other.
Coefficient of nondetermination - correct answer
NONdetermination is the unique variance.
✅ The coefficient of
To find the coefficient of nondetermination, first find the coefficient of
determination by squaring the correlation (.80 x .80 = .64, or 64%).
Then subtract this from 100% to find the coefficient of NONdetermination (100% -
64% = 36%).
Standardized scores - correct answer ✅ Standardized scores are helpful when
comparing several different test scores for the same person, as direct comparisons
between different tests are impossible.
Standardizing scores allows for continuity and an equality of units.
The two most common standardized scores are z-scores and T-scores, both of
which are conversions of raw score distributions.
Standardized scores express the person's distance from the MEAN, NOT the
median, in terms of the standard deviation from that standard score distribution.
, National Counselor Exam SMBJ
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
✅
Kruskal-Wallis test (nonparametric statistic) - correct answer - Used when the
researcher has MORE THAN TWO MEAN SCORES on a SINGLE VARIABLE also
known as a nonparametric one-way analysis of variance.
- Nonparametric statistics are used when it is uncertain whether the distribution
of scores falls along a normal curve or whether the variance of the test sample
represents the variance within the general population.
Nonparametric statistical measures - correct answer ✅ - Mann-Whitney U test
- Wilcoxen signed-rank test
- Kruskal-Wallis test
Nonparametric statistics are used when it is uncertain whether the distribution of
scores falls along a normal curve or whether the variance of the test sample
represents the variance within the general population.
✅
Four steps in the Planning of a Counseling Program - correct answer
Conceptualization -> Development -> Implementation ->Evaluation
It is important to take orderly and careful steps to ensure that the program is
thoughtfully executed. Essential steps in program planning, in order, are
conceptualization, which includes examining broader systems and assessment
needs; development of goals and objectives of the program; implementation; and
evaluation of the program, including whether goals and objectives were met.
When you would use a nonparametric test? - correct answer ✅ When it is
uncertain whether the distribution of scores falls along a normal curve OR
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
Convergent Validation - correct answer ✅Refers to times when there is a high
correlation between the concept the test is meant to study and OTHER constructs.
Bergan's Behavioral Model of Consultation - Four Stages: - correct answer
Problem identification
✅ -
- Problem analysis
- Plan implementation
- Problem evaluation
Consultation is used when counselors would like to function more effectively in
individual, group, or community settings. Bergen's model uses a BEHAVIORAL
APPROACH that emphasizes the verbal interactions during consultation. Bergan's
model also focuses on problem behaviors, their antecedents, and their
consequences.
Descriptive statistics - correct answer
includes:
✅
Aims to describe collected data and
- means
- percentages
- standard deviations
- frequency counts.
Analysis of variance - correct answer ✅
A type of inferential data used to
measure the PROBABILITY of an EVENT occurring in the POPULATION.
,National Counselor Exam SMBJ
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
✅
Five Stages of the Racial/Cultural Identity Developmental Model? - correct answer
- Conformity
- Dissonance
- Desistance & Immersion
- Introspection
- Integrative awareness.
Integrative awareness occurs when the individual can appreciate aspects of both
the dominant and minority cultures.
Four levels of measurement: - correct answer
Ratio.
✅ Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and
Nonparametric statistical measures - correct answer ✅
Often used with
DESCRIPTIVE DATA and should be used with NOMINAL DATA (numbers that
represent a category or quality). Ex: chi-square
correct answer ✅
The typical range for the STANDARD DEVIATION when calculating a Z-SCORE -
The range for standard deviation of a z-score is -3.0 to 3.0.
For a z-score, the mean is 0 and the standard deviation is 1.0. When the raw score
is below the mean, the z-score is negative, and when the raw score is above the
mean, the z-score is positive.
Why might the t-test be used? - correct answer ✅ To determine whether the
mean scores of two groups are significantly different from each other
,National Counselor Exam SMBJ
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
This test compares the t value from the first calculation to the t value in the
second calculation to find whether the mean scores of the two groups are
significantly different from each other.
Coefficient of nondetermination - correct answer
NONdetermination is the unique variance.
✅ The coefficient of
To find the coefficient of nondetermination, first find the coefficient of
determination by squaring the correlation (.80 x .80 = .64, or 64%).
Then subtract this from 100% to find the coefficient of NONdetermination (100% -
64% = 36%).
Standardized scores - correct answer ✅ Standardized scores are helpful when
comparing several different test scores for the same person, as direct comparisons
between different tests are impossible.
Standardizing scores allows for continuity and an equality of units.
The two most common standardized scores are z-scores and T-scores, both of
which are conversions of raw score distributions.
Standardized scores express the person's distance from the MEAN, NOT the
median, in terms of the standard deviation from that standard score distribution.
, National Counselor Exam SMBJ
review Q&As (Verified Answers) 2026
✅
Kruskal-Wallis test (nonparametric statistic) - correct answer - Used when the
researcher has MORE THAN TWO MEAN SCORES on a SINGLE VARIABLE also
known as a nonparametric one-way analysis of variance.
- Nonparametric statistics are used when it is uncertain whether the distribution
of scores falls along a normal curve or whether the variance of the test sample
represents the variance within the general population.
Nonparametric statistical measures - correct answer ✅ - Mann-Whitney U test
- Wilcoxen signed-rank test
- Kruskal-Wallis test
Nonparametric statistics are used when it is uncertain whether the distribution of
scores falls along a normal curve or whether the variance of the test sample
represents the variance within the general population.
✅
Four steps in the Planning of a Counseling Program - correct answer
Conceptualization -> Development -> Implementation ->Evaluation
It is important to take orderly and careful steps to ensure that the program is
thoughtfully executed. Essential steps in program planning, in order, are
conceptualization, which includes examining broader systems and assessment
needs; development of goals and objectives of the program; implementation; and
evaluation of the program, including whether goals and objectives were met.
When you would use a nonparametric test? - correct answer ✅ When it is
uncertain whether the distribution of scores falls along a normal curve OR
