NUR 265 Exam 2 Test Bank: 200 Q&A on Cardiac, Vascular & Hematologic Disorders ()

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NUR 265: ADVANCED MEDICAL-SURGICAL
NURSING – EXAM 2 TEST BANK: CARDIAC,
VASCULAR & HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
(2026-2027)



## Table of Contents – NUR 265 Exam 2


| Section | Topic | Number of Questions |
|---------|-------|---------------------|
| 1 | Heart Failure (Acute & Chronic) | 30 |
| 2 | Dysrhythmias & Management | 25 |
| 3 | Acute Coronary Syndrome & MI | 25 |
| 4 | Valvular Heart Disease | 15 |
| 5 | Vascular Disorders (PAD, PVD, Aneurysms, DVT, PE) | 30 |
| 6 | Hematologic Disorders (Anemia, DIC, ITP, HIT, Polycythemia) | 35
|
| 7 | Leukemia & Transfusion Reactions | 40 |
| **Total** | | **200** |


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# SECTION 1: HEART FAILURE (30 questions)


**1. A patient with acute decompensated heart failure presents with
severe dyspnea, crackles in all lung fields, and an oxygen saturation of
85% on room air. What is the priority intervention?**
A) Administer furosemide IV
B) Place the patient in high Fowler’s position
C) Apply non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (BiPAP)
D) Administer morphine IV
> **Correct Answer: B** – High Fowler’s position reduces preload and
improves breathing. Airway and positioning come before medications.


**2. Which finding is most concerning in a patient with chronic heart
failure?**
A) 2+ pitting edema in lower extremities
B) Jugular venous distention
C) Weight gain of 5 lbs in 2 days
D) Heart rate 90 bpm
> **Correct Answer: C** – Rapid weight gain indicates worsening fluid
overload and impending acute decompensation.


**3. A patient with heart failure has a prescription for carvedilol. The
nurse understands that this medication is used to:**
A) Increase contractility

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B) Reduce preload
C) Block beta-1 receptors to reduce heart rate and remodeling
D) Increase afterload
> **Correct Answer: C** – Carvedilol is a beta-blocker that reduces
sympathetic stimulation, slows remodeling, and improves mortality.


**4. Which laboratory finding is expected in acute decompensated heart
failure?**
A) Decreased BNP
B) Elevated BNP (>500 pg/mL)
C) Decreased troponin
D) Elevated hemoglobin
> **Correct Answer: B** – BNP is released from ventricles in response
to increased wall tension. Elevated BNP confirms heart failure.


**5. A patient with heart failure is on furosemide 80 mg IV twice daily.
Which finding indicates a complication of this therapy?**
A) Serum potassium 3.2 mEq/L
B) Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
C) Urine output 1,500 mL in 24 hours
D) Weight loss of 2 kg in 24 hours
> **Correct Answer: A** – Hypokalemia is a common complication of
loop diuretics and increases risk of dysrhythmias.

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**6. A patient with heart failure has an ejection fraction of 25%. Which
classification of heart failure is this?**
A) HFpEF (preserved ejection fraction)
B) HFrEF (reduced ejection fraction)
C) Right-sided heart failure
D) High-output heart failure
> **Correct Answer: B** – HFrEF: ejection fraction <40%. HFpEF: EF
≥50%.


**7. Which finding is characteristic of right-sided heart failure?**
A) Crackles in lung bases
B) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
C) Jugular venous distention and hepatomegaly
D) S3 gallop
> **Correct Answer: C** – Right-sided failure causes systemic
congestion: JVD, hepatomegaly, ascites, peripheral edema.


**8. A patient with heart failure is started on digoxin. Which finding
indicates digoxin toxicity?**
A) Heart rate 72 bpm
B) Serum digoxin level 1.2 ng/mL
C) Nausea, vomiting, and yellow halos around vision