HTH 408 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What is a random error? - Answer- An inconsistent error within your study, no pattern
What is a systemic error? - Answer- A repeated error within a study, shows an issue
with the study
What are the three requirements of experimental designs? - Answer- Randomization,
manipulation of variables, comparison/control
What is a non-experimental design? - Answer- Variables are not manipulated and there
is no control. Measured in a natural setting
Cross-sectional study - Answer- data collected at one point in time. collected once, no
follow up. Useful for large studies.
Longitudinal Study - Answer- Collects data at different points in time.
What is a panel longitudinal study? - Answer- Collects from the same participants at
multiple points in time.
What is a trend longitudinal study? - Answer- Collects from different participants of the
same population
What is a cohort longitudinal study? - Answer- Follows a cohort of people over time,
usually have something in common such as being born in the same year
What is reliability? - Answer- Is the measurement dependable, consistent, trustworthy?
Does it give similar results when repeated
Is a systemic error reliable? - Answer- Yes, because it is CONSISTENTLY wrong
Random error increases/decreases reliability - Answer- decreases
Internal Consistency - Answer- Extent to which multiple items used to measure a
construct actually measure that construct
What does Cronbach alpha measure? - Answer- Internal consistency
AND ANSWERS
What is a random error? - Answer- An inconsistent error within your study, no pattern
What is a systemic error? - Answer- A repeated error within a study, shows an issue
with the study
What are the three requirements of experimental designs? - Answer- Randomization,
manipulation of variables, comparison/control
What is a non-experimental design? - Answer- Variables are not manipulated and there
is no control. Measured in a natural setting
Cross-sectional study - Answer- data collected at one point in time. collected once, no
follow up. Useful for large studies.
Longitudinal Study - Answer- Collects data at different points in time.
What is a panel longitudinal study? - Answer- Collects from the same participants at
multiple points in time.
What is a trend longitudinal study? - Answer- Collects from different participants of the
same population
What is a cohort longitudinal study? - Answer- Follows a cohort of people over time,
usually have something in common such as being born in the same year
What is reliability? - Answer- Is the measurement dependable, consistent, trustworthy?
Does it give similar results when repeated
Is a systemic error reliable? - Answer- Yes, because it is CONSISTENTLY wrong
Random error increases/decreases reliability - Answer- decreases
Internal Consistency - Answer- Extent to which multiple items used to measure a
construct actually measure that construct
What does Cronbach alpha measure? - Answer- Internal consistency
