CD 674 Pediatric Audiology Exam 2
Questions With Correct Answers
What |are |the |3 |postnatal |stages |of |auditory |development? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |I: |
neural |encoding |of |fundamental |characteristics |of
sound, |Stage |II: |use |information |in |sound |in |a |specific |way |(increasing |specificity |and |
selectivity), |Stage |III: |approach |sound |in |more |of |an |adult |way |(flexibility |in |sound |processing)
When |does |the |"auditory |experience" |begin |for |babies? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Begins |
during |the |third |trimester |with |recognition |of |mother's |voice |and |recognition |of |native |
language
What |is |the |first |postnatal |stage |of |auditory |development |and |when |does |it |occur? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-neural |encoding, |0-6 |months
Describe |the |auditory |system |during |stage |1 |of |postnatal |auditory |development. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-auditory |system |is |less |sensitive |to |sound |at |birth; |immature |frequency |
discrimination |(ability |to |tell |difference |between |2 |frequencies), |immature |frequency |
resolution |(ability |to |differentially |process |or |use |one |component |of |an |otherwise |very |
complex |sound; |helps |with |formant |distinction), |poorer |hearing |thresholds |than |adults |(less |
acuity)
How |do |ABR |waveforms |change |over |time |as |the |auditory |system |develops? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-waveforms |have |increased |amplitude |and |decreased |latency |over |time; |hearing |
is |happening |more |robustly, |faster, |and |more |accurately
What |are |the |differences |in |auditory |cortex |tracings |over |time |(children |vs. |adults)? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-at |5-7yrs: |p1 |and |n1 |are |significantly |increased |in |latency, |and |we |are |missing |p2
,altogether, |overall |auditory |system |is |unrefined; |Adults: |more |defined |peaks, |2 |peaks |instead |
|
of |one, |response |is |faster/decreased |latency
For |both |animals |and |humans, |behavioral |thresholds |are |_________, |particularly |at |______ |
frequencies, |right |after |birth. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-elevated, |high
At |age |3 |months, |infant |thresholds |are |______ |dB |greater |than |adults. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-15-30
At |6-12 |months, |infant |thresholds |are |about |______ |dB |higher |than |adults. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-10
How |is |the |infant |auditory |system |different |from |the |adult |auditory |system |in |terms |of |acuity |
and |sensitivity? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |infant |auditory |system |as |it |relates |to |acuity |is |
not |as |fine |tuned/sensitive |as |the |adult; |there |is |a |bigger |discrepancy |in |high |freq |than |there |
are |in |low |freq, |however, |high |freq |tend |to |normalize |more |quickly |than |the |low |freq. |The |
biggest |amount |of |change/improvement |occurs |by |6 |months |of |age
The |greatest |amount |of |change |or |improvement |in |the |auditory |system |occurs |by |
___________ |(what |age?). |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-6 |months
Which |frequencies |normalize |first |as |infants' |auditory |sensitivity |develops |over |time? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-high
Low |frequency |hearing |continues |to |develop |until |_________ |(age). |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-8
|years
What |are |physiological |explanations |for |the |changes |in |hearing |sensitivity |over |time? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-high |frequencies |improve |due |to |inner |ear |maturation, |low/mid |
frequencies |normalize |due |to |outer |and |middle |ear |maturation, |overall |improvements |in |
sensitivity |are |due |to |changes |in |neural |processes |and |changes |in |listening |strategies
, Describe |the |auditory |system |during |stage |2 |of |postnatal |auditory |development. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-increasing |specificity, |ability |to |distinguish |speech |from |noise; |learning |how |to |
use |to |use |new |information |and |more |subtle |cues |to |understand |meaning |in |speech; |fine |
temporal |tuning |(use |of |timing, |intensity, |prosody |cues)
What |is |the |second |postnatal |stage |of |auditory |development |and |when |does |it |occur? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-increasing |specificity |and |selectivity, |between |6 |months |and |8-9 |years
The |shortest |time |period |over |which |the |ear |can |discriminate |two |signals. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-auditory |temporal |resolution
Why |is |auditory |temporal |resolution |important |for |speech |perception? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-speech |consists |of |dynamic |complex |stimuli |which |rapidly |change |over |time |in |
terms |of |frequency |and |amplitude, |small |changes |in |timing |can |help |tell |the |difference |
between |two |signals, |this |can |be |used |for |localization |of |sound |(depending |on |which |ear |
sound |reaches |first, |you |can |identify |which |direction |it's |coming |from)
What |are |gap |detection |(or |gap |duration) |discrimination |experiments |and |what |do |they |show |
us? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gap |detection |involves |identifying |breaks |in |sounds, |test |presents |
different |lengths |of |gaps |between |sounds |(in |milliseconds), |scientist |is |looking |for |smallest |gap
|between |2 |sounds |that |individual |is |able |to |perceive, |used |to |study |temporal |resolution
How |do |we |test |temporal |resolution? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gap |detection
Temporal |resolution |does |not |become |adult-like |until |age |_______. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-6
The |ability |to |selectively |respond |to |a |single |frequency |in |an |acoustic |stimulus |when |other |
frequencies |are |present. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-frequency |resolution
Questions With Correct Answers
What |are |the |3 |postnatal |stages |of |auditory |development? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Stage |I: |
neural |encoding |of |fundamental |characteristics |of
sound, |Stage |II: |use |information |in |sound |in |a |specific |way |(increasing |specificity |and |
selectivity), |Stage |III: |approach |sound |in |more |of |an |adult |way |(flexibility |in |sound |processing)
When |does |the |"auditory |experience" |begin |for |babies? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Begins |
during |the |third |trimester |with |recognition |of |mother's |voice |and |recognition |of |native |
language
What |is |the |first |postnatal |stage |of |auditory |development |and |when |does |it |occur? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-neural |encoding, |0-6 |months
Describe |the |auditory |system |during |stage |1 |of |postnatal |auditory |development. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-auditory |system |is |less |sensitive |to |sound |at |birth; |immature |frequency |
discrimination |(ability |to |tell |difference |between |2 |frequencies), |immature |frequency |
resolution |(ability |to |differentially |process |or |use |one |component |of |an |otherwise |very |
complex |sound; |helps |with |formant |distinction), |poorer |hearing |thresholds |than |adults |(less |
acuity)
How |do |ABR |waveforms |change |over |time |as |the |auditory |system |develops? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-waveforms |have |increased |amplitude |and |decreased |latency |over |time; |hearing |
is |happening |more |robustly, |faster, |and |more |accurately
What |are |the |differences |in |auditory |cortex |tracings |over |time |(children |vs. |adults)? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-at |5-7yrs: |p1 |and |n1 |are |significantly |increased |in |latency, |and |we |are |missing |p2
,altogether, |overall |auditory |system |is |unrefined; |Adults: |more |defined |peaks, |2 |peaks |instead |
|
of |one, |response |is |faster/decreased |latency
For |both |animals |and |humans, |behavioral |thresholds |are |_________, |particularly |at |______ |
frequencies, |right |after |birth. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-elevated, |high
At |age |3 |months, |infant |thresholds |are |______ |dB |greater |than |adults. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-15-30
At |6-12 |months, |infant |thresholds |are |about |______ |dB |higher |than |adults. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-10
How |is |the |infant |auditory |system |different |from |the |adult |auditory |system |in |terms |of |acuity |
and |sensitivity? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |infant |auditory |system |as |it |relates |to |acuity |is |
not |as |fine |tuned/sensitive |as |the |adult; |there |is |a |bigger |discrepancy |in |high |freq |than |there |
are |in |low |freq, |however, |high |freq |tend |to |normalize |more |quickly |than |the |low |freq. |The |
biggest |amount |of |change/improvement |occurs |by |6 |months |of |age
The |greatest |amount |of |change |or |improvement |in |the |auditory |system |occurs |by |
___________ |(what |age?). |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-6 |months
Which |frequencies |normalize |first |as |infants' |auditory |sensitivity |develops |over |time? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-high
Low |frequency |hearing |continues |to |develop |until |_________ |(age). |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-8
|years
What |are |physiological |explanations |for |the |changes |in |hearing |sensitivity |over |time? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-high |frequencies |improve |due |to |inner |ear |maturation, |low/mid |
frequencies |normalize |due |to |outer |and |middle |ear |maturation, |overall |improvements |in |
sensitivity |are |due |to |changes |in |neural |processes |and |changes |in |listening |strategies
, Describe |the |auditory |system |during |stage |2 |of |postnatal |auditory |development. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-increasing |specificity, |ability |to |distinguish |speech |from |noise; |learning |how |to |
use |to |use |new |information |and |more |subtle |cues |to |understand |meaning |in |speech; |fine |
temporal |tuning |(use |of |timing, |intensity, |prosody |cues)
What |is |the |second |postnatal |stage |of |auditory |development |and |when |does |it |occur? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-increasing |specificity |and |selectivity, |between |6 |months |and |8-9 |years
The |shortest |time |period |over |which |the |ear |can |discriminate |two |signals. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-auditory |temporal |resolution
Why |is |auditory |temporal |resolution |important |for |speech |perception? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-speech |consists |of |dynamic |complex |stimuli |which |rapidly |change |over |time |in |
terms |of |frequency |and |amplitude, |small |changes |in |timing |can |help |tell |the |difference |
between |two |signals, |this |can |be |used |for |localization |of |sound |(depending |on |which |ear |
sound |reaches |first, |you |can |identify |which |direction |it's |coming |from)
What |are |gap |detection |(or |gap |duration) |discrimination |experiments |and |what |do |they |show |
us? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gap |detection |involves |identifying |breaks |in |sounds, |test |presents |
different |lengths |of |gaps |between |sounds |(in |milliseconds), |scientist |is |looking |for |smallest |gap
|between |2 |sounds |that |individual |is |able |to |perceive, |used |to |study |temporal |resolution
How |do |we |test |temporal |resolution? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-gap |detection
Temporal |resolution |does |not |become |adult-like |until |age |_______. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-6
The |ability |to |selectively |respond |to |a |single |frequency |in |an |acoustic |stimulus |when |other |
frequencies |are |present. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-frequency |resolution
