NUR 211 / NUR211 LIFESPAN FINAL EXAM.
150+QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
Updated 2025/2026!!
Exam: R 211 / NUR211 Lifespan Final Exam
Section 1: Theoretical Foundations
1. According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial task of infancy (birth–18 months) is:
• A) Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
• B) Trust vs. Mistrust
• C) Initiative vs. Guilt
• D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: B
Rationale: Erikson’s first stage is Trust vs. Mistrust, where infants learn to trust caregivers for
basic needs.
2. Piaget’s stage characterized by object permanence is:
• A) Preoperational
• B) Sensorimotor
• C) Concrete operational
• D) Formal operational
Answer: B
Rationale: Object permanence develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth–2 years).
3. Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development is based on:
• A) Social contracts
• B) Universal ethical principles
• C) Punishment and reward
• D) Interpersonal relationships
,Answer: C
Rationale: Preconventional morality focuses on avoiding punishment and gaining rewards.
4. According to Freud, the psychosexual stage during toddlerhood is:
• A) Oral
• B) Anal
• C) Phallic
• D) Latency
Answer: B
Rationale: Freud’s anal stage occurs from 1–3 years, centered on toilet training.
5. A 4-year-old who believes the moon follows her is demonstrating:
• A) Conservation
• B) Animism
• C) Reversibility
• D) Decentering
Answer: B
Rationale: Animism is attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects, common in
preoperational stage.
6. The correct order of Piaget’s stages is:
• A) Sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational
• B) Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
• C) Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
• D) Formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor
Answer: B
Rationale: The sequence is sensorimotor (0–2), preoperational (2–7), concrete operational
(7–11), formal operational (11+).
7. Erikson’s stage for middle adulthood is:
• A) Intimacy vs. Isolation
• B) Generativity vs. Stagnation
• C) Ego Integrity vs. Despair
• D) Industry vs. Inferiority
,Answer: B
Rationale: Generativity vs. Stagnation occurs during ages 40–65, focusing on contributing to
society.
8. A nurse assessing a 16-year-old’s moral reasoning would most likely see which Kohlberg
level?
• A) Preconventional
• B) Conventional
• C) Postconventional
• D) Preoperational
Answer: B
Rationale: Most adolescents operate at the conventional level, seeking approval and
following rules.
9. Vygotsky’s concept of the “zone of proximal development” refers to:
• A) Skills a child can do alone
• B) Skills a child can do with help
• C) Fixed developmental milestones
• D) Genetic predispositions
Answer: B
Rationale: ZPD is the gap between independent and assisted performance.
10. A 75-year-old reflecting on life with a sense of fulfillment is in Erikson’s:
• A) Generativity vs. Stagnation
• B) Integrity vs. Despair
• C) Identity vs. Role Confusion
• D) Intimacy vs. Isolation
Answer: B
Rationale: Late adulthood (65+ years) focuses on integrity versus despair.
11. Which theorist emphasized psychosocial development across 8 stages?
• A) Piaget
• B) Freud
• C) Erikson
, • D) Kohlberg
Answer: C
Rationale: Erikson proposed 8 psychosocial stages spanning the lifespan.
12. According to Piaget, a child who can think logically about concrete events but not
abstractly is in:
• A) Sensorimotor
• B) Preoperational
• C) Concrete operational
• D) Formal operational
Answer: C
Rationale: Concrete operational stage (7–11 years) involves logical thinking but limited
abstraction.
13. A preschooler who initiates activities and feels guilty when overstepping is in Erikson’s:
• A) Autonomy vs. Shame
• B) Initiative vs. Guilt
• C) Industry vs. Inferiority
• D) Trust vs. Mistrust
Answer: B
Rationale: Initiative vs. Guilt occurs ages 3–5 years.
14. Kohlberg’s postconventional level is characterized by:
• A) Obeying rules to avoid punishment
• B) Following social norms for approval
• C) Abstract reasoning based on justice
• D) Egocentric decision-making
Answer: C
Rationale: Postconventional morality involves universal ethical principles and justice.
15. A 2-year-old saying “no” frequently and wanting to choose clothes is exhibiting:
• A) Trust
• B) Autonomy
• C) Initiative
150+QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
Updated 2025/2026!!
Exam: R 211 / NUR211 Lifespan Final Exam
Section 1: Theoretical Foundations
1. According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial task of infancy (birth–18 months) is:
• A) Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
• B) Trust vs. Mistrust
• C) Initiative vs. Guilt
• D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: B
Rationale: Erikson’s first stage is Trust vs. Mistrust, where infants learn to trust caregivers for
basic needs.
2. Piaget’s stage characterized by object permanence is:
• A) Preoperational
• B) Sensorimotor
• C) Concrete operational
• D) Formal operational
Answer: B
Rationale: Object permanence develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth–2 years).
3. Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development is based on:
• A) Social contracts
• B) Universal ethical principles
• C) Punishment and reward
• D) Interpersonal relationships
,Answer: C
Rationale: Preconventional morality focuses on avoiding punishment and gaining rewards.
4. According to Freud, the psychosexual stage during toddlerhood is:
• A) Oral
• B) Anal
• C) Phallic
• D) Latency
Answer: B
Rationale: Freud’s anal stage occurs from 1–3 years, centered on toilet training.
5. A 4-year-old who believes the moon follows her is demonstrating:
• A) Conservation
• B) Animism
• C) Reversibility
• D) Decentering
Answer: B
Rationale: Animism is attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects, common in
preoperational stage.
6. The correct order of Piaget’s stages is:
• A) Sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational
• B) Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
• C) Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
• D) Formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor
Answer: B
Rationale: The sequence is sensorimotor (0–2), preoperational (2–7), concrete operational
(7–11), formal operational (11+).
7. Erikson’s stage for middle adulthood is:
• A) Intimacy vs. Isolation
• B) Generativity vs. Stagnation
• C) Ego Integrity vs. Despair
• D) Industry vs. Inferiority
,Answer: B
Rationale: Generativity vs. Stagnation occurs during ages 40–65, focusing on contributing to
society.
8. A nurse assessing a 16-year-old’s moral reasoning would most likely see which Kohlberg
level?
• A) Preconventional
• B) Conventional
• C) Postconventional
• D) Preoperational
Answer: B
Rationale: Most adolescents operate at the conventional level, seeking approval and
following rules.
9. Vygotsky’s concept of the “zone of proximal development” refers to:
• A) Skills a child can do alone
• B) Skills a child can do with help
• C) Fixed developmental milestones
• D) Genetic predispositions
Answer: B
Rationale: ZPD is the gap between independent and assisted performance.
10. A 75-year-old reflecting on life with a sense of fulfillment is in Erikson’s:
• A) Generativity vs. Stagnation
• B) Integrity vs. Despair
• C) Identity vs. Role Confusion
• D) Intimacy vs. Isolation
Answer: B
Rationale: Late adulthood (65+ years) focuses on integrity versus despair.
11. Which theorist emphasized psychosocial development across 8 stages?
• A) Piaget
• B) Freud
• C) Erikson
, • D) Kohlberg
Answer: C
Rationale: Erikson proposed 8 psychosocial stages spanning the lifespan.
12. According to Piaget, a child who can think logically about concrete events but not
abstractly is in:
• A) Sensorimotor
• B) Preoperational
• C) Concrete operational
• D) Formal operational
Answer: C
Rationale: Concrete operational stage (7–11 years) involves logical thinking but limited
abstraction.
13. A preschooler who initiates activities and feels guilty when overstepping is in Erikson’s:
• A) Autonomy vs. Shame
• B) Initiative vs. Guilt
• C) Industry vs. Inferiority
• D) Trust vs. Mistrust
Answer: B
Rationale: Initiative vs. Guilt occurs ages 3–5 years.
14. Kohlberg’s postconventional level is characterized by:
• A) Obeying rules to avoid punishment
• B) Following social norms for approval
• C) Abstract reasoning based on justice
• D) Egocentric decision-making
Answer: C
Rationale: Postconventional morality involves universal ethical principles and justice.
15. A 2-year-old saying “no” frequently and wanting to choose clothes is exhibiting:
• A) Trust
• B) Autonomy
• C) Initiative
