ADULT HEALTH II FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
What labs are present during azotemia? - CORRECT ANSWER --increase BUN
and creatinine -urinary output less than 400mL in a 24 hours period
What are the causes of an acute kidney injury? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ischemia or nephrotoxic agents
What is a signs from BUN and creatinine that there is kidney failure? -
CORRECT ANSWER -ratio of BUN and creatinine no longer 20:1
BUN and creatinine increased but still on the 20:1 ratio shows what? -
CORRECT ANSWER hypovolemia (less volume more particles)
type of kidney disease that is in the heart and vessels that leak to the
kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER -prerenal
type of kidney disease where the kidney itself is damaged - CORRECT
ANSWER -intrarenal
type of kidney disease where urine is made but can't get out (BPH, tumor,
kidney stones) - CORRECT ANSWER -Postrenal
What is the prerenal type caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER -decreased renal
blood flow and decrease glomerular perfusion and filtration (hemorrhage,
diuresis, burns, CHF, MI, sepsis)
ADULT HEALTH
, What is the intrarenal type caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER -direct damage
to the renal tissue due to ischemia or nephrotoxic agents (ATN, infection,
direct injury, or connective tissue disorders)
What are the causes of the post renal type? - CORRECT ANSWER -mechanical
obstruction of outflow or functional problems (BPH, trauma, tumors,
neurogenic bladder, diabetic neuropathy, spinal cord disease)
Phase is phase 1 of AKI: - CORRECT ANSWER -Initiation: begins with the
events that caused the injury (sepsis, MI); good prognosis with early
detection
Phase 2 of AKI: - CORRECT ANSWER -Oliguria: this is when the body holds on
to fluid an begins to 3rd space.
-1 to 7 days after the causative event
-UOP less than 400mL for 24 hours
-fluid retention
-METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
-increase potassium, increased BUN and creatinine, Decreased Calcium,
hyperphosphatemia. ** dependent edema and possible SOB
What are clinical manifestations of the oliguric phase of AKI? - CORRECT
ANSWER --change in mental status
-hyperreflexive
-anorexia
-n/v
-decreased bowel sounds
-uremic syndrome
ADULT HEALTH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
What labs are present during azotemia? - CORRECT ANSWER --increase BUN
and creatinine -urinary output less than 400mL in a 24 hours period
What are the causes of an acute kidney injury? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ischemia or nephrotoxic agents
What is a signs from BUN and creatinine that there is kidney failure? -
CORRECT ANSWER -ratio of BUN and creatinine no longer 20:1
BUN and creatinine increased but still on the 20:1 ratio shows what? -
CORRECT ANSWER hypovolemia (less volume more particles)
type of kidney disease that is in the heart and vessels that leak to the
kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER -prerenal
type of kidney disease where the kidney itself is damaged - CORRECT
ANSWER -intrarenal
type of kidney disease where urine is made but can't get out (BPH, tumor,
kidney stones) - CORRECT ANSWER -Postrenal
What is the prerenal type caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER -decreased renal
blood flow and decrease glomerular perfusion and filtration (hemorrhage,
diuresis, burns, CHF, MI, sepsis)
ADULT HEALTH
, What is the intrarenal type caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER -direct damage
to the renal tissue due to ischemia or nephrotoxic agents (ATN, infection,
direct injury, or connective tissue disorders)
What are the causes of the post renal type? - CORRECT ANSWER -mechanical
obstruction of outflow or functional problems (BPH, trauma, tumors,
neurogenic bladder, diabetic neuropathy, spinal cord disease)
Phase is phase 1 of AKI: - CORRECT ANSWER -Initiation: begins with the
events that caused the injury (sepsis, MI); good prognosis with early
detection
Phase 2 of AKI: - CORRECT ANSWER -Oliguria: this is when the body holds on
to fluid an begins to 3rd space.
-1 to 7 days after the causative event
-UOP less than 400mL for 24 hours
-fluid retention
-METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
-increase potassium, increased BUN and creatinine, Decreased Calcium,
hyperphosphatemia. ** dependent edema and possible SOB
What are clinical manifestations of the oliguric phase of AKI? - CORRECT
ANSWER --change in mental status
-hyperreflexive
-anorexia
-n/v
-decreased bowel sounds
-uremic syndrome
ADULT HEALTH
