Path 370 Final Exam study Guide | Actual Questions
and verified Answers complete Solutions | A+ Graded |
2026 Updates | 100% correct
Primary prevention - ANSWER- example like vaccinations Altering susceptibility; reducing
exposure fro susceptible persons; education, training
secondary prevention - ANSWER- Routine Exams early, screening, and management of
disease have it then treat it
Tertiary prevention - ANSWER- examples like counseling on medications. Addition type of
care is tertiary Rehabilitation supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effusive
functioning
Latent period - ANSWER- is time between. Exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first
appearance of signs and symptoms (is also the time where it may disappear) exposure period
Prodromal period - ANSWER- first signs and symptoms appear
Endemic definition - ANSWER- localized to one particular area or group
Subclinical definition - ANSWER- Going through treatment or management. patient functions
normally; disease processes are well established
Etiology topic in an example - ANSWER- Known causes/ reasons of disease (behind the
disease.)
idiopathic - ANSWER- unknown cause
Latrogenic - ANSWER- caused by treatment
Allostasis definition - ANSWER- recognizes that body is out of homeostasis and allostasis
brings the body back to homeostasis.
Hormones that secretes during stress response - ANSWER- catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine) (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline)
Oxytocin, Prolactin, aldosterone & cortisol Endorphins & Enkephalins
Selye's three phases of stress - ANSWER- Alarm
Resistance/adaptation
,Exhaustion
Alarm - ANSWER- fight or flight response
Resistance/adaptation - ANSWER- Activity of the nervous and endocrine systems in returning
the body to homeostasis
Exhaustion - ANSWER- Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER- mediated by norepinephrine sympathetic nervous
system and adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines ( epinephrine and norepinephrine) Cause
things to hight Plays a big part to stress response (blood pressure high ) Can cause blood to
elevate
types of intracellular accumulations - ANSWER- 1. normal endogenous constituent -(water,
protein, lipid, carbohydrate) due to inadequate removal (packaging, transport defects)=fatty
liver (example)
2. Abnormal endogenous substance -due to genetic or acquired defects in folding, packaging,
transport, secretion =may lead to accumulation of proteins (a1 anti-trypsin deficiency 3.
Substrate, metabolite -due to inherited enzyme deficiencies and failure to degrade = storage
diseases 4. Abnormal exogenous substance -due to inability to degrade and remove
cellular adaptation types - ANSWER- Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Atrophy - ANSWER- Cells shrink and reduce their differentiated functions in response to
normal and injurious factors
Hypertrophy - ANSWER- (increase in cell size) Increase in cell mass
Hyperplasia - ANSWER- (increase in cells number ) Increase in functional capacity related to
an increase in cell number because of mitotic division
Metaplasia - ANSWER- Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another common
cause
, Dysplasia - ANSWER- (per cancerous) Disorganized appearance of cells because of abnormal
variations in size, shape, and arrangement Represents an adaptive effort gone astray Significant
potential to transform into cancerous cells (prenceplastic lesions)
Types of necrosis - ANSWER- Coagulation
Liquefaction
Caseous
Fat
Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER- (most common type) ( heart good example ) dry and dark
Process that begins with ischemia Ends with degradation of plasma membrane
liquefactive necrosis - ANSWER- (Brian) wet occurs with dissolution of dead cells liquefaction
of lysosomal enzymes formation of abscess or cyst form dissolved dead tissue
Fat necrosis - ANSWER- (pancreas ) Death of adipose tissue Usually the result of trauma or
pancreatitis Appears as a chalky white area of tissue
caseous necrosis - ANSWER- (lung) TB Characteristic of lung damage secondary to
tuberculosis Resembles clumpy cheese
Apoptosis definition - ANSWER- cell death and it is cancerous
Side effects of chemotherapy include - ANSWER- anemia, nausea, bleeding, & infections
Cancer Terminology - ANSWER- oma, carcinoma, and sarcoma indicate malignant tumors
Exceptions (all the following are malignant ) Lymphomas, Hepatomas, Melanomas Sarcoma:
mesenchymal ( nerve, bone, muscle ) origin
leukemia - ANSWER- white blood cells
Grading - ANSWER- is taking a biopsy and looking at the cell in a lab
Staging - ANSWER- is looking at the patient in whole (will the cancer is here and it is
spreading ) how it is spreading
Deficits in immune system function in cancer - ANSWER- chemotherapy cancer cells cancer
metastasis to bone marrow malnutrition
Tumor marker functions - ANSWER- Produced by normal cells Help determine cancer origin
Helps identify progression of cancer Include prostatic-specific antigen
and verified Answers complete Solutions | A+ Graded |
2026 Updates | 100% correct
Primary prevention - ANSWER- example like vaccinations Altering susceptibility; reducing
exposure fro susceptible persons; education, training
secondary prevention - ANSWER- Routine Exams early, screening, and management of
disease have it then treat it
Tertiary prevention - ANSWER- examples like counseling on medications. Addition type of
care is tertiary Rehabilitation supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effusive
functioning
Latent period - ANSWER- is time between. Exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first
appearance of signs and symptoms (is also the time where it may disappear) exposure period
Prodromal period - ANSWER- first signs and symptoms appear
Endemic definition - ANSWER- localized to one particular area or group
Subclinical definition - ANSWER- Going through treatment or management. patient functions
normally; disease processes are well established
Etiology topic in an example - ANSWER- Known causes/ reasons of disease (behind the
disease.)
idiopathic - ANSWER- unknown cause
Latrogenic - ANSWER- caused by treatment
Allostasis definition - ANSWER- recognizes that body is out of homeostasis and allostasis
brings the body back to homeostasis.
Hormones that secretes during stress response - ANSWER- catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine) (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline)
Oxytocin, Prolactin, aldosterone & cortisol Endorphins & Enkephalins
Selye's three phases of stress - ANSWER- Alarm
Resistance/adaptation
,Exhaustion
Alarm - ANSWER- fight or flight response
Resistance/adaptation - ANSWER- Activity of the nervous and endocrine systems in returning
the body to homeostasis
Exhaustion - ANSWER- Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER- mediated by norepinephrine sympathetic nervous
system and adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines ( epinephrine and norepinephrine) Cause
things to hight Plays a big part to stress response (blood pressure high ) Can cause blood to
elevate
types of intracellular accumulations - ANSWER- 1. normal endogenous constituent -(water,
protein, lipid, carbohydrate) due to inadequate removal (packaging, transport defects)=fatty
liver (example)
2. Abnormal endogenous substance -due to genetic or acquired defects in folding, packaging,
transport, secretion =may lead to accumulation of proteins (a1 anti-trypsin deficiency 3.
Substrate, metabolite -due to inherited enzyme deficiencies and failure to degrade = storage
diseases 4. Abnormal exogenous substance -due to inability to degrade and remove
cellular adaptation types - ANSWER- Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Atrophy - ANSWER- Cells shrink and reduce their differentiated functions in response to
normal and injurious factors
Hypertrophy - ANSWER- (increase in cell size) Increase in cell mass
Hyperplasia - ANSWER- (increase in cells number ) Increase in functional capacity related to
an increase in cell number because of mitotic division
Metaplasia - ANSWER- Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another common
cause
, Dysplasia - ANSWER- (per cancerous) Disorganized appearance of cells because of abnormal
variations in size, shape, and arrangement Represents an adaptive effort gone astray Significant
potential to transform into cancerous cells (prenceplastic lesions)
Types of necrosis - ANSWER- Coagulation
Liquefaction
Caseous
Fat
Coagulative necrosis - ANSWER- (most common type) ( heart good example ) dry and dark
Process that begins with ischemia Ends with degradation of plasma membrane
liquefactive necrosis - ANSWER- (Brian) wet occurs with dissolution of dead cells liquefaction
of lysosomal enzymes formation of abscess or cyst form dissolved dead tissue
Fat necrosis - ANSWER- (pancreas ) Death of adipose tissue Usually the result of trauma or
pancreatitis Appears as a chalky white area of tissue
caseous necrosis - ANSWER- (lung) TB Characteristic of lung damage secondary to
tuberculosis Resembles clumpy cheese
Apoptosis definition - ANSWER- cell death and it is cancerous
Side effects of chemotherapy include - ANSWER- anemia, nausea, bleeding, & infections
Cancer Terminology - ANSWER- oma, carcinoma, and sarcoma indicate malignant tumors
Exceptions (all the following are malignant ) Lymphomas, Hepatomas, Melanomas Sarcoma:
mesenchymal ( nerve, bone, muscle ) origin
leukemia - ANSWER- white blood cells
Grading - ANSWER- is taking a biopsy and looking at the cell in a lab
Staging - ANSWER- is looking at the patient in whole (will the cancer is here and it is
spreading ) how it is spreading
Deficits in immune system function in cancer - ANSWER- chemotherapy cancer cells cancer
metastasis to bone marrow malnutrition
Tumor marker functions - ANSWER- Produced by normal cells Help determine cancer origin
Helps identify progression of cancer Include prostatic-specific antigen
