DMS 122 CROSS SECTIONAL ANATOMY FINAL EXAM REVIEW COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

DMS 122 CROSS SECTIONAL ANATOMY FINAL EXAM REVIEW COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS .When trying to identify the pancreas, what vascular landmark should you look for directly posterior to the body and tail? - ANSWERS-Splenic Vein .The portal vein is formed - ANSWERS-posterior to the neck of the pancreas. .The tail of the pancreas - ANSWERS-lies between the stomach anteriorly and left kidney posteriorly and extends to the splenic hilum. .The pancreas is descriptively divided into 5 parts. Name all five. - ANSWERS-head, uncinate process, neck, body, tail .The acini cells produce the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somastatin. - ANSWERS-False .Which statement best describes the anteroposterior dimensions of the pancreas? - ANSWERS-The head is 2 to 3 cm; the neck is 1.5 to 2.5 cm; the body is 2 to 3 cm; and the tail is 1 to 2 cm. .Sagittal scanning plane images of the pancreas show the gland in transverse sections. - ANSWERS-True .Pancreatic juice is comprised of nucleic acids and also enzymes that help digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. - ANSWERS-True .The exocrine function of the pancreas is carried out by the beta cells. - ANSWERS-False The exocrine function of the pancreas is carried out by the acini cells. .Which statement best describes the locations of the neck, body, and tail of the pancreas? - ANSWERS-The neck lies anterior to the porta-splenic confluence; the body lies anterior to the SMA; and the tail lies just to the left of the aorta. .The main pancreatic duct can be seen in the body of the pancreas. - ANSWERS-True .The head of the pancreas lies - ANSWERS-to the right of the SMV, in the C-loop of the duodenum, and anterior to the IVC. .The contour of the pancreas cannot be observed on ultrasound. - ANSWERS-False .Which statement describes the structures closely related to the head of the pancreas? - ANSWERS-The common bile duct is posterolateral, and the gastroduodenal artery is anterolateral. .Pancreatic juice reaches the duodenum via the common bile duct. - ANSWERS-False Pancreatic juice moves into the duodenum through the main pancreatic duct (Wirsung's duct). .The CBD and GDA appear circular in the long axis (transverse view) of the pancreas. - ANSWERS-True On transverse views showing the longitudinal axis of the pancreas, two small, circular, anechoic structures can be seen in the head of the pancreas: the posterolateral CBD and the anterolateral GDA. .A water-filled stomach makes the pancreas more difficult to visualize. - ANSWERS-False Having the patient drink water can help the examiner identify parts of the pancreas, especially the pancreatic head in the C-loop of the duodenum. .In poorly prepped patients, shadows from the stomach and duodenum obscure the pancreas and make it difficult to visualize. - ANSWERS-True The pancreas is in close relationship to the portions of the small and large intestine and their contents may affect sound beam transmission and obscure pancreatic structures. This is especially true for patients who have been poorly prepped. Despite these obstacles, sonography has become useful for the evaluation and early detection of diseases of the pancreas. .Sonographically, the pancreas appears isoechoic to the liver. - ANSWERS-False Echo texture of the normal pancreas varies and can appear homogeneous to heterogeneous depending on the amount of interlobular fat that is present. Generally the pancreas appears more echo-dense or hyperechoic compared to the appearance of the normal liver. .Hormones that stimulate the formation of pancreatic juice are triggered by chyme. - ANSWERS-True Chyme in the duodenum stimulates the release of hormones, which in turn act on pancreatic juice formation. .The pancreas is mostly an endocrine gland. - ANSWERS-False The pancreas is mostly an exocrine (digestive) gland; only 2% of the gland's weight is endocrine (hormonal) tissue. .The gastroduodenal artery divides into - ANSWERS-anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal branches. .A small part of the ______ of the pancreas is enclosed in peritoneum. - ANSWERS-head .The length of the pancreas is - ANSWERS-12 to 18 cm. .Arterial flow to the head, body, and tail of the pancreas is through the - ANSWERS-pancreaticoduodenal and splenic arteries. .T/F Adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones - ANSWERS-True The adrenal cortex has three zones, each of which produces steroid hormones, called corticoids. The outermost zone, the zona glomerulosa, produces mineralocorticoids, of which the most important is aldosterone. The next zone, the zona fasciculata, produces glucocorticoids. The innermost zone, the zona reticularis, supplements sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes. .T/F There are three components to each renal lobe - ANSWERS-True The renal lobes are the portions of the kidney that consist of a single pyramid, which is bordered on both sides by interlobar arteries and interlobar veins and which has cortical tissue at its base. .What is the echogenicity of the renal cortex? - ANSWERS-medium level echoes (medium to low level) .The adult male and female urethras measure, respectively, - ANSWERS-20 cm 4 cm