TCW REVIEWER ● Example:
- International companies
GLOBALIZATION operating in many
- The process of increasing countries
interconnectedness and - Global organizations
interdependence of people, influencing different
nations,and economies across nations
the world.
- Multidimensional social
Other definitions of Globalization processes - A set of processes
and a consciousness of
- Expanding flows and social local–global connections (Steger,
interaction - Intensification of 2003).
cross-border flows and their ● Meaning:
growing impact (Held & McGrew, Globalization happens in
2007). many areas of life, not just
● Meaning: one.
More things are moving ● Example:
across countries, and - Global businesses
people interact more with (economic)
other nations. - International
● Example: agreements
-Buying products from (political)
other countries - Worldwide pop
- Watching foreign movies culture (cultural)
or music - Connectivity and
- Overseas workers consciousness - Globalization
sending money home combines practical linkages with
global awareness (Robertson
- Transformation of human &White, 2007)
organization - Restructuring ● Meaning:
societies through Globalization connects
interconnectedness and global people and also makes
power relations (Giddens, 1990). them aware that they are
● MEANING: part of a global world.
Globalization changes how People develop global
societies and institutions awareness.
work because countries
are now connected.
, Example: Post-War
- People caring about (Second & Third Waves)
global issues like - U.S. hegemony, reconstruction,
climate change international institutions revived
- Following world global economic links.; Growth
news and of multinational corporations
international events and cross-border investment.
ORIGINS AND HISTORY Late 20th century
- turning points U.S. dominance,
SILK ROAD (1st century BCE – rise of MNCs, end of the Cold
5th century CE) War (1991) opened more
- Long-distance land and caravan markets.
routes linking China with Central
Asia and Rome. Globalization 4.0 (digital era)
- Digital economy, e-commerce, AI,
Spice Routes (7th–15th c.) 3D printing and global platforms
- Maritime and overland routes drive integration.
dominated by Muslim traders
across the Indian Ocean and FIVE KEY DIMENSIONS OF
Mediterranean. GLOBALIZATION
- Political
Age of Discovery (15th–18th c.) - Technological
- European navigators - Economic
(Portuguese, Spanish) linked - Environmental
East and West; Americas - Cultural
integrated into global trade. 1. POLITICAL
- Meaning:
First Wave (19th c.–1914) Pakikipag-ugnayan ng
- Industrial Revolution mga gobyerno ng iba't
(steam engines, rail,steamships) ibang bansa.
expandedproduction and Easy example:
transport capacity. - International agreements
- United Nations
World Wars (1914–1945) cooperation
- WWI and WWII disrupted - Foreign policies
global trade, closed ibig sabihin: nagkakaroon ng
borders, and reversed cooperation ang mga bansa sa
earlier global integration. politics.
- International companies
GLOBALIZATION operating in many
- The process of increasing countries
interconnectedness and - Global organizations
interdependence of people, influencing different
nations,and economies across nations
the world.
- Multidimensional social
Other definitions of Globalization processes - A set of processes
and a consciousness of
- Expanding flows and social local–global connections (Steger,
interaction - Intensification of 2003).
cross-border flows and their ● Meaning:
growing impact (Held & McGrew, Globalization happens in
2007). many areas of life, not just
● Meaning: one.
More things are moving ● Example:
across countries, and - Global businesses
people interact more with (economic)
other nations. - International
● Example: agreements
-Buying products from (political)
other countries - Worldwide pop
- Watching foreign movies culture (cultural)
or music - Connectivity and
- Overseas workers consciousness - Globalization
sending money home combines practical linkages with
global awareness (Robertson
- Transformation of human &White, 2007)
organization - Restructuring ● Meaning:
societies through Globalization connects
interconnectedness and global people and also makes
power relations (Giddens, 1990). them aware that they are
● MEANING: part of a global world.
Globalization changes how People develop global
societies and institutions awareness.
work because countries
are now connected.
, Example: Post-War
- People caring about (Second & Third Waves)
global issues like - U.S. hegemony, reconstruction,
climate change international institutions revived
- Following world global economic links.; Growth
news and of multinational corporations
international events and cross-border investment.
ORIGINS AND HISTORY Late 20th century
- turning points U.S. dominance,
SILK ROAD (1st century BCE – rise of MNCs, end of the Cold
5th century CE) War (1991) opened more
- Long-distance land and caravan markets.
routes linking China with Central
Asia and Rome. Globalization 4.0 (digital era)
- Digital economy, e-commerce, AI,
Spice Routes (7th–15th c.) 3D printing and global platforms
- Maritime and overland routes drive integration.
dominated by Muslim traders
across the Indian Ocean and FIVE KEY DIMENSIONS OF
Mediterranean. GLOBALIZATION
- Political
Age of Discovery (15th–18th c.) - Technological
- European navigators - Economic
(Portuguese, Spanish) linked - Environmental
East and West; Americas - Cultural
integrated into global trade. 1. POLITICAL
- Meaning:
First Wave (19th c.–1914) Pakikipag-ugnayan ng
- Industrial Revolution mga gobyerno ng iba't
(steam engines, rail,steamships) ibang bansa.
expandedproduction and Easy example:
transport capacity. - International agreements
- United Nations
World Wars (1914–1945) cooperation
- WWI and WWII disrupted - Foreign policies
global trade, closed ibig sabihin: nagkakaroon ng
borders, and reversed cooperation ang mga bansa sa
earlier global integration. politics.
