NUR 302-PHARMACOLOGY TEST 1
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Ideal properties of a drug - ANSWERS✔-effectiveness, safety, selectivity
\.What does it mean for a drug to be effective? - ANSWERS✔-A drug is effective
when the drug actually produces its intended therapeutic effect. Effectiveness is
essential.
\.What does safe mean? - ANSWERS✔-No serious adverse effects even at high
doses
\.What does selective mean? - ANSWERS✔-Drugs does only what you want it to
do. No adverse effects or side effects.
\.Is there a drug that is "safe" for everyone? - ANSWERS✔-No there is not a drug
safe for everyone, there is always that 1 in 1,000.
\.Give an example of a drug that is non-selective - ANSWERS✔-Benadryl
(diphenhydramine) which clears up allergy symptoms but makes you drowsy
,\.How to measure if your kidneys are working? - ANSWERS✔-If the creatinine level
is high it is showing that the kidneys are not working (properly). The high levels is
because the kidneys are unable to filter things properly.
\.What is GFR (glomerular filtration rate)? - ANSWERS✔-this is the number cc/min
the kidney can filter. If it's low the kidneys not working.
\.What should you do if someone has a low GFR - ANSWERS✔-Dosage should be
spread out more and a lower does is required.
\.What does the liver do? - ANSWERS✔-The majority of metabolism occurs here.
Jaundice can happen when the bilirubin is high.
\.What should you do if someone has high bilirubin levels - ANSWERS✔-Drug
levels will go up if the livers not working properly. The opioid levels could increase
if bilirubin increases. Dose of a drug should be lower and more spread apart if
patients liver isn't functioning well.
\.What is a LFT? (Liver Function Test) - ANSWERS✔-These test measure enzymes
and bilirubin that leaks from the liver or builds up in the blood.
\.What happens if someones LFT's are high? - ANSWERS✔-The liver isn't working
well. The pt would be having upper abdominal pain, lose in appetite, and
jaundiced.
,\.What does absorption mean? - ANSWERS✔-When the drug given has made it to
the bloodstream.
\.Factors that affect absorption? - ANSWERS✔-Rate of dissolution, surface area,
blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning
\.What does distribution mean? - ANSWERS✔-Movement of drugs throughout the
body.
\.What determines the rate of delivery? - ANSWERS✔-Blood flow
\.What does excretion mean? - ANSWERS✔-Removal of drugs and their
metabolites from the body.
\.How does the body excrete drugs? - ANSWERS✔-Through urine, sweat, saliva,
breast milk, or expired air
\.What is BBB? - ANSWERS✔-blood brain barrier
\.What can pass through this barrier? - ANSWERS✔-Lipid soluble or fat soluble
drugs.
\.What can restrict drugs from getting through? - ANSWERS✔-Albumin
, \.What happens if the albumin is low? - ANSWERS✔-Drugs struggle to bind with it
and cause the drug to affect the body more.
\.Rank IV, subQ, PO, IM routes from the fastest onset to the slowest onset -
ANSWERS✔-IV, IM, subQ, PO
\.When given PO medication it affects what organ first? - ANSWERS✔-Liver
\.What are enteric-coated preparation? - ANSWERS✔-Drug covered with materials
that dissolves in the intestines, not stomach. The coating is "acid resistant" and
could cause burning in the stomach if it's not supposed to dissolve there.
\.What is sustained release preparations? - ANSWERS✔-Dissolves so the drug is
releases consistently over the day.
\.Can either enteric-coated and sustained release be cut/crushed? - ANSWERS✔-
NO
\.What does IR mean - ANSWERS✔-Immediate release
\.What does first pass effect mean? - ANSWERS✔-This is when the drug goes
straight to the targeted organ
\.What organ sees all orally administer drugs? - ANSWERS✔-The liver, and it can
alter or eliminate them
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
\.Ideal properties of a drug - ANSWERS✔-effectiveness, safety, selectivity
\.What does it mean for a drug to be effective? - ANSWERS✔-A drug is effective
when the drug actually produces its intended therapeutic effect. Effectiveness is
essential.
\.What does safe mean? - ANSWERS✔-No serious adverse effects even at high
doses
\.What does selective mean? - ANSWERS✔-Drugs does only what you want it to
do. No adverse effects or side effects.
\.Is there a drug that is "safe" for everyone? - ANSWERS✔-No there is not a drug
safe for everyone, there is always that 1 in 1,000.
\.Give an example of a drug that is non-selective - ANSWERS✔-Benadryl
(diphenhydramine) which clears up allergy symptoms but makes you drowsy
,\.How to measure if your kidneys are working? - ANSWERS✔-If the creatinine level
is high it is showing that the kidneys are not working (properly). The high levels is
because the kidneys are unable to filter things properly.
\.What is GFR (glomerular filtration rate)? - ANSWERS✔-this is the number cc/min
the kidney can filter. If it's low the kidneys not working.
\.What should you do if someone has a low GFR - ANSWERS✔-Dosage should be
spread out more and a lower does is required.
\.What does the liver do? - ANSWERS✔-The majority of metabolism occurs here.
Jaundice can happen when the bilirubin is high.
\.What should you do if someone has high bilirubin levels - ANSWERS✔-Drug
levels will go up if the livers not working properly. The opioid levels could increase
if bilirubin increases. Dose of a drug should be lower and more spread apart if
patients liver isn't functioning well.
\.What is a LFT? (Liver Function Test) - ANSWERS✔-These test measure enzymes
and bilirubin that leaks from the liver or builds up in the blood.
\.What happens if someones LFT's are high? - ANSWERS✔-The liver isn't working
well. The pt would be having upper abdominal pain, lose in appetite, and
jaundiced.
,\.What does absorption mean? - ANSWERS✔-When the drug given has made it to
the bloodstream.
\.Factors that affect absorption? - ANSWERS✔-Rate of dissolution, surface area,
blood flow, lipid solubility, pH partitioning
\.What does distribution mean? - ANSWERS✔-Movement of drugs throughout the
body.
\.What determines the rate of delivery? - ANSWERS✔-Blood flow
\.What does excretion mean? - ANSWERS✔-Removal of drugs and their
metabolites from the body.
\.How does the body excrete drugs? - ANSWERS✔-Through urine, sweat, saliva,
breast milk, or expired air
\.What is BBB? - ANSWERS✔-blood brain barrier
\.What can pass through this barrier? - ANSWERS✔-Lipid soluble or fat soluble
drugs.
\.What can restrict drugs from getting through? - ANSWERS✔-Albumin
, \.What happens if the albumin is low? - ANSWERS✔-Drugs struggle to bind with it
and cause the drug to affect the body more.
\.Rank IV, subQ, PO, IM routes from the fastest onset to the slowest onset -
ANSWERS✔-IV, IM, subQ, PO
\.When given PO medication it affects what organ first? - ANSWERS✔-Liver
\.What are enteric-coated preparation? - ANSWERS✔-Drug covered with materials
that dissolves in the intestines, not stomach. The coating is "acid resistant" and
could cause burning in the stomach if it's not supposed to dissolve there.
\.What is sustained release preparations? - ANSWERS✔-Dissolves so the drug is
releases consistently over the day.
\.Can either enteric-coated and sustained release be cut/crushed? - ANSWERS✔-
NO
\.What does IR mean - ANSWERS✔-Immediate release
\.What does first pass effect mean? - ANSWERS✔-This is when the drug goes
straight to the targeted organ
\.What organ sees all orally administer drugs? - ANSWERS✔-The liver, and it can
alter or eliminate them
