NUR 2063 / NUR2063 EXAM 1: ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW (LATEST 2026
1. Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in homeostatic
control mechanisms?
- Fever
2. Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called injury.
- Ischemic
3. The cancer growth continuum is divided into which of the following stages?
- Initiation, promotion, progression
4. The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure?
- Cytoplasm
5. Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-
shaped structures called:
- Mitochondria
6. A patient presents with hyponatremia. What is the priority assessment for the patient?
- Mental status changes
7. What is the priority assessment for a patient with a potassium imbalance?
- EKG
,8. A patient presents with hypomagnesemia, what would the nurse anticipate the calcium
levels would be?
- Low
9. A patient presents with hypercalcemia. What would the nurse anticipate the
phosphorous levels would be?
- Low
10. The nurse is teaching a patient who has recently given birth about immunity that has
been passed to the baby in utero. Which statement by the patient indicates that
additional teaching is needed?
- "I had chickenpox and am immune to it, so my baby will not need to have the
chickenpox vaccine."
11. In preparing a community teaching program, which information presented by the nurse
addresses a type of secondary cancer prevention?
- Annual measurement of prostate-specific antigen levels
12. A 2-day post-op heart transplant patient begins to have fever and signs and symptoms
of heart failure. The patient is more than likely experiencing which of the following?
- Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
13. Which of the following is a complication of chronic stress?
- Increased susceptibility to illness
14. Within minutes after receiving an injection of penicillin, the patient complains of
shortness of breath and chest pain. The nurse notifies the patient's healthcare provider
because this patient is most likely experiencing which type of hypersensitivity?
- Type I
, 15. During which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) have the
body's coping methods been completely utilized?
- Exhaustion
16. Which of the following is a chemical triggered by the sympathetic nervous system made
from the adrenal medulla that is responsible for many of the physiological symptoms of
the "fight or flight" response?
- Epinephrine
17. What disease state results from an inability to differentiate self from non-self?
- Autoimmune
18. Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk for impaired immune function?
- 79-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
19. The nurse is teaching a community health class about the immune system. The nurse
asks the class to list various functions of B cells in immunity. Which responses by
students are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- A) "They are the first to arrive at the scene of infection."
B) "They make all sorts of antibodies."
C) "They eat up bacteria, viruses, and parasites."
D) "They turn into memory cells that keep the person immune."
E) "They release chemicals to stop inflammation when healing is done."
B&D
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW (LATEST 2026
1. Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in homeostatic
control mechanisms?
- Fever
2. Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called injury.
- Ischemic
3. The cancer growth continuum is divided into which of the following stages?
- Initiation, promotion, progression
4. The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure?
- Cytoplasm
5. Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-
shaped structures called:
- Mitochondria
6. A patient presents with hyponatremia. What is the priority assessment for the patient?
- Mental status changes
7. What is the priority assessment for a patient with a potassium imbalance?
- EKG
,8. A patient presents with hypomagnesemia, what would the nurse anticipate the calcium
levels would be?
- Low
9. A patient presents with hypercalcemia. What would the nurse anticipate the
phosphorous levels would be?
- Low
10. The nurse is teaching a patient who has recently given birth about immunity that has
been passed to the baby in utero. Which statement by the patient indicates that
additional teaching is needed?
- "I had chickenpox and am immune to it, so my baby will not need to have the
chickenpox vaccine."
11. In preparing a community teaching program, which information presented by the nurse
addresses a type of secondary cancer prevention?
- Annual measurement of prostate-specific antigen levels
12. A 2-day post-op heart transplant patient begins to have fever and signs and symptoms
of heart failure. The patient is more than likely experiencing which of the following?
- Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
13. Which of the following is a complication of chronic stress?
- Increased susceptibility to illness
14. Within minutes after receiving an injection of penicillin, the patient complains of
shortness of breath and chest pain. The nurse notifies the patient's healthcare provider
because this patient is most likely experiencing which type of hypersensitivity?
- Type I
, 15. During which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) have the
body's coping methods been completely utilized?
- Exhaustion
16. Which of the following is a chemical triggered by the sympathetic nervous system made
from the adrenal medulla that is responsible for many of the physiological symptoms of
the "fight or flight" response?
- Epinephrine
17. What disease state results from an inability to differentiate self from non-self?
- Autoimmune
18. Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk for impaired immune function?
- 79-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
19. The nurse is teaching a community health class about the immune system. The nurse
asks the class to list various functions of B cells in immunity. Which responses by
students are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- A) "They are the first to arrive at the scene of infection."
B) "They make all sorts of antibodies."
C) "They eat up bacteria, viruses, and parasites."
D) "They turn into memory cells that keep the person immune."
E) "They release chemicals to stop inflammation when healing is done."
B&D
