WGU D236 PATHO LATEST EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Which organ controls CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔lungs (exhale it out)
How is a patient's resp rate and CO2 during Hyperventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔High Resp Rate / Low CO2
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔process by which organisms maintain
a relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of
body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of
bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
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,- spinal cord
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔movement of fluid from an area of lower
solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔water and solute movement occurs from
an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the number of osmotically active
particles per kg of water
Hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔0.09% normal saline
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,Interferons (IFNs) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔type of cytokine that signals cells
to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to
become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid volume overload
Edema - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔swelling of soft tissues because of excess
fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Increased hydrostatic
(water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- weight gain
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, - hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
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QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Which organ controls CO2? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔lungs (exhale it out)
How is a patient's resp rate and CO2 during Hyperventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔High Resp Rate / Low CO2
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔process by which organisms maintain
a relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of
body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of
bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
Page 1 of 43
,- spinal cord
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔movement of fluid from an area of lower
solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔water and solute movement occurs from
an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the number of osmotically active
particles per kg of water
Hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔0.09% normal saline
Page 2 of 43
,Interferons (IFNs) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔type of cytokine that signals cells
to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing other cells to
become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid volume overload
Edema - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔swelling of soft tissues because of excess
fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Increased hydrostatic
(water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- weight gain
Page 3 of 43
, - hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔fluid volume deficit
Symptoms of hypovolemia include: - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
- fever
- heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
Page 4 of 43
