FATTY ACID METABOLISM, NAFLD, AND ETHANOL:
KEY PROCESSES AND DISEASE LINKS |COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS. EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED.
What is the primary site for de novo fatty acid synthesis? Answer: Liver
What is the energy density of lipids compared to carbohydrates and proteins? Answer:
Lipids have a higher energy density (9 Kcal/g) than carbohydrates or proteins (4 Kcal/g).
What is the role of triglycerides (TAG) in the body? Answer: TAG provides efficient
energy storage and does not require water.
What is the first step in the fatty acid synthesis pathway? Answer: Glucose is converted
to pyruvate in the cytosol.
What is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis? Answer: The formation of Malonyl-
CoA from Acetyl-CoA.
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of Malonyl-CoA? Answer: Acetyl-CoA
Carboxylase (ACC)
What activates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)? Answer: High citrate levels signal
excess energy/glucose.
What inhibits Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)? Answer: High levels of long-chain acyl-
CoA, such as palmitoyl-CoA.
What is the function of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer: AMPK phosphorylates and inactivates ACC, reducing fatty acid synthesis.
What are the two isoforms of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)? Answer: ACC1
(cytosolic) and ACC2 (outer mitochondrial membrane).
How does Malonyl-CoA affect food intake? Answer: Increased Malonyl-CoA decreases
food intake, while decreased Malonyl-CoA increases food intake.
What is the overall reaction catalyzed by Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)? Answer: 1 acetyl-
CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA + 14 NADPH + 14 H⁺ → 1 palmitate (16:0) + 8 CoA + 7 CO₂ + 14
NADP⁺ + 6 H₂O.
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
KEY PROCESSES AND DISEASE LINKS |COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE WITH 100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS
&ANSWERS. EXCELLENCE GUARANTEED.
What is the primary site for de novo fatty acid synthesis? Answer: Liver
What is the energy density of lipids compared to carbohydrates and proteins? Answer:
Lipids have a higher energy density (9 Kcal/g) than carbohydrates or proteins (4 Kcal/g).
What is the role of triglycerides (TAG) in the body? Answer: TAG provides efficient
energy storage and does not require water.
What is the first step in the fatty acid synthesis pathway? Answer: Glucose is converted
to pyruvate in the cytosol.
What is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis? Answer: The formation of Malonyl-
CoA from Acetyl-CoA.
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of Malonyl-CoA? Answer: Acetyl-CoA
Carboxylase (ACC)
What activates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)? Answer: High citrate levels signal
excess energy/glucose.
What inhibits Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)? Answer: High levels of long-chain acyl-
CoA, such as palmitoyl-CoA.
What is the function of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in fatty acid metabolism?
Answer: AMPK phosphorylates and inactivates ACC, reducing fatty acid synthesis.
What are the two isoforms of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)? Answer: ACC1
(cytosolic) and ACC2 (outer mitochondrial membrane).
How does Malonyl-CoA affect food intake? Answer: Increased Malonyl-CoA decreases
food intake, while decreased Malonyl-CoA increases food intake.
What is the overall reaction catalyzed by Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)? Answer: 1 acetyl-
CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA + 14 NADPH + 14 H⁺ → 1 palmitate (16:0) + 8 CoA + 7 CO₂ + 14
NADP⁺ + 6 H₂O.
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
