Final Exam Study Guide For NURS 3262
With Complete Solutions
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Causes - ANSWER Inadequate intake, blood loss,
malabsorption
Key features of Iron-Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER pallor, fatigue, glossitis,
brittle nails, low serum ferritin.
Pernicious (B12) Deficiency Anemia Causes - ANSWER Lack of intrinsic factor
leading to poor B12 absorption
Key features of Pernicious (B12) Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER neurologic
symptoms (paresthesia, confusion), sore tongue, fatigue.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia Causes - ANSWER Caused by poor nutrition,
malabsorption, alcohol use
Key features of Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER fatigue, smooth red
tongue, no neurologic symptoms (unlike B12 deficiency).
Normal RBC Lab Values - ANSWER 4.2-6.1 million/mm³.
Normal Hemoglobin Lab Values - ANSWER Male: 14-18 g/dL; Female: 12-16 g/dL.
Normal Hematocrit Lab Values - ANSWER Female: 37-47%; Male: 42-52%.
Iron Food Sources - ANSWER Red meat, green leafy vegetables, liver, beans,
fortified cereals.
B12 Food Sources - ANSWER Meat, eggs, dairy products, fortified grains.
Folic Acid Food Sources - ANSWER Green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans,
whole grains, liver.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Teaching Points - ANSWER Take iron with vitamin C,
avoid taking with calcium, expect dark stools, monitor labs.
Pernicious (B12) Deficiency Anemia Teaching Points - ANSWER Lifelong B12
injections or intranasal, monitor neuro status, ensure dietary intake.
,Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia Teaching Points - ANSWER Encourage folate-rich
foods, supplement as needed, especially in pregnancy/alcohol use.
Chemotherapy Goal - ANSWER Destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy Side Effects - ANSWER Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, neutropenia,
alopecia.
Chemotherapy Nursing Considerations - ANSWER Manage side effects, infection
precautions, hydration, antiemetics.
Radiation Goal - ANSWER Local control of cancer growth.
Radiation Side Effects - ANSWER Skin irritation, fatigue, localized effects.
Radiation Nursing Considerations - ANSWER Skin care, avoid lotion/perfume on
area, monitor for burns.
Cancer Treatment Education - ANSWER Encourage small, frequent meals, use
antiemetics before meals/chemo, avoid strong odors, offer high-calorie, high-
protein foods, monitor weight, hydration, electrolytes, provide emotional
support.
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION) - ANSWER Change in bowel/bladder habits
A sore that doesn't heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart/mole
Nagging cough/hoarseness.
CAUTION
Non-Opiods in Pain Management AND WHAT to monitor for - ANSWER Examples
include Acetaminophen and NSAIDs;
monitor for liver/renal effects, GI bleeding (NSAIDs), ceiling effect.
Opioids in Pain Management and what to monitor for - ANSWER Examples
include Morphine and Hydromorphone;
monitor for respiratory depression, constipation, sedation.
Adjuvants in Pain Management and what to monitor for - ANSWER Examples
include Gabapentin and Antidepressants;
, used for neuropathic pain, monitor mood, titrate slowly.
Primary Hypertension (Essential HTN) - ANSWER An elevated BP of unknown
cause.
Secondary Hypertension - ANSWER Elevated BP due to a known cause with
sudden development.
Signs and symptoms of primary hypertension - ANSWER vertigo, headache,
facial flushing, and fainting.
Clinical Manifestations of Secondary Hypertension - ANSWER Asymptomatic
until severe and target organ disease occurs
Nursing Management in Prevention of Hypertension - ANSWER Education on
lifestyle changes such as nutrition, smoking cessation, adequate exercise,
screening program, and identifying possible signs of HTN.
Next cards will be drugs for HTN and Hyperlipidemia - ANSWER See below
ACE Inhibitors examples and SE - ANSWER Examples include Lisinopril and
Captopril; prevents conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2,
common side effects include hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema.
ARBs Examples and SE - ANSWER Example is Losartan; blocks binding of
angiotensin 2 to its receptors
common side effects include dizziness, hyperkalemia, hypotension, headache,
angioedema.
Beta-Blockers Examples - ANSWER Examples include Metoprolol, Atenolol,
Propranolol
Beta-Blockers function - ANSWER Medications that block SNS, slowing HR and
reducing BP.
Metoprolol - ANSWER A type of beta-blocker used to manage hypertension and
heart conditions.
Atenolol - ANSWER A type of beta-blocker that is used to treat high blood
pressure and chest pain.
Propranolol - ANSWER A non-selective beta-blocker used for various conditions
including hypertension and anxiety.
With Complete Solutions
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Causes - ANSWER Inadequate intake, blood loss,
malabsorption
Key features of Iron-Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER pallor, fatigue, glossitis,
brittle nails, low serum ferritin.
Pernicious (B12) Deficiency Anemia Causes - ANSWER Lack of intrinsic factor
leading to poor B12 absorption
Key features of Pernicious (B12) Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER neurologic
symptoms (paresthesia, confusion), sore tongue, fatigue.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia Causes - ANSWER Caused by poor nutrition,
malabsorption, alcohol use
Key features of Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER fatigue, smooth red
tongue, no neurologic symptoms (unlike B12 deficiency).
Normal RBC Lab Values - ANSWER 4.2-6.1 million/mm³.
Normal Hemoglobin Lab Values - ANSWER Male: 14-18 g/dL; Female: 12-16 g/dL.
Normal Hematocrit Lab Values - ANSWER Female: 37-47%; Male: 42-52%.
Iron Food Sources - ANSWER Red meat, green leafy vegetables, liver, beans,
fortified cereals.
B12 Food Sources - ANSWER Meat, eggs, dairy products, fortified grains.
Folic Acid Food Sources - ANSWER Green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans,
whole grains, liver.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Teaching Points - ANSWER Take iron with vitamin C,
avoid taking with calcium, expect dark stools, monitor labs.
Pernicious (B12) Deficiency Anemia Teaching Points - ANSWER Lifelong B12
injections or intranasal, monitor neuro status, ensure dietary intake.
,Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia Teaching Points - ANSWER Encourage folate-rich
foods, supplement as needed, especially in pregnancy/alcohol use.
Chemotherapy Goal - ANSWER Destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy Side Effects - ANSWER Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, neutropenia,
alopecia.
Chemotherapy Nursing Considerations - ANSWER Manage side effects, infection
precautions, hydration, antiemetics.
Radiation Goal - ANSWER Local control of cancer growth.
Radiation Side Effects - ANSWER Skin irritation, fatigue, localized effects.
Radiation Nursing Considerations - ANSWER Skin care, avoid lotion/perfume on
area, monitor for burns.
Cancer Treatment Education - ANSWER Encourage small, frequent meals, use
antiemetics before meals/chemo, avoid strong odors, offer high-calorie, high-
protein foods, monitor weight, hydration, electrolytes, provide emotional
support.
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION) - ANSWER Change in bowel/bladder habits
A sore that doesn't heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart/mole
Nagging cough/hoarseness.
CAUTION
Non-Opiods in Pain Management AND WHAT to monitor for - ANSWER Examples
include Acetaminophen and NSAIDs;
monitor for liver/renal effects, GI bleeding (NSAIDs), ceiling effect.
Opioids in Pain Management and what to monitor for - ANSWER Examples
include Morphine and Hydromorphone;
monitor for respiratory depression, constipation, sedation.
Adjuvants in Pain Management and what to monitor for - ANSWER Examples
include Gabapentin and Antidepressants;
, used for neuropathic pain, monitor mood, titrate slowly.
Primary Hypertension (Essential HTN) - ANSWER An elevated BP of unknown
cause.
Secondary Hypertension - ANSWER Elevated BP due to a known cause with
sudden development.
Signs and symptoms of primary hypertension - ANSWER vertigo, headache,
facial flushing, and fainting.
Clinical Manifestations of Secondary Hypertension - ANSWER Asymptomatic
until severe and target organ disease occurs
Nursing Management in Prevention of Hypertension - ANSWER Education on
lifestyle changes such as nutrition, smoking cessation, adequate exercise,
screening program, and identifying possible signs of HTN.
Next cards will be drugs for HTN and Hyperlipidemia - ANSWER See below
ACE Inhibitors examples and SE - ANSWER Examples include Lisinopril and
Captopril; prevents conversion of angiotensin 1 to 2,
common side effects include hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema.
ARBs Examples and SE - ANSWER Example is Losartan; blocks binding of
angiotensin 2 to its receptors
common side effects include dizziness, hyperkalemia, hypotension, headache,
angioedema.
Beta-Blockers Examples - ANSWER Examples include Metoprolol, Atenolol,
Propranolol
Beta-Blockers function - ANSWER Medications that block SNS, slowing HR and
reducing BP.
Metoprolol - ANSWER A type of beta-blocker used to manage hypertension and
heart conditions.
Atenolol - ANSWER A type of beta-blocker that is used to treat high blood
pressure and chest pain.
Propranolol - ANSWER A non-selective beta-blocker used for various conditions
including hypertension and anxiety.
