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NR565 Final 2026/2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS / EXAM QUESTIONS WILL COME
FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS/ A+ GRADED
What labs are used to diagnose hypo/hyper thyroid? - ANSWERS--
TSH, T3, and T4. High TSH = hypo and low TSH = hyper. Opposites.
Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine -
ANSWERS--6-8 weeks (long half-life). Yearly after stable.
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWERS--Dry hair, puffy
face, goiter in the neck, slow heartbeat, weight gain, constipation,
infertility, increased risk of miscarriages, irregular menstrual cycle,
cold intolerance.
Drug of choice for hypothyroidism - ANSWERS--Levothyroxine
(Synthroid)
§ Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWERS--Hair loss,
bulging eyes, goiter, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, diarrhea,
menstrual periods loss often or longer.
Drug of choice for hyperthyroidism - ANSWERS--Methimazole
(Tapazole)
,2|Page
Treatment of thyroid storm - ANSWERS--high doses of potassium
iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress thyroid
hormone release. Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone
synthesis. Beta blocker given to reduce HR. additional measures
include sedation, cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV fluids.
Result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy: - ANSWERS-
-Permanent neuro-psychological deficits in the child. Decrease
IQ/neuropsychological function. First trimester.
Medication to treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism (notice this is
treating symptoms and not the hyperthyroidism itself): - ANSWERS--
Beta blockers (tachycardia) - propranolol/atenolol most
popular.Non-radioactive iodine. ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY.
Drug/Food/Supplement interactions with levothyroxine: - ANSWERS-
-Do not take antacids, Calcium or Iron, how to take it (morning 30-60
min b4 eat.
How to confirm a diagnosis of DM prior to beginning treatment: -
ANSWERS--Fasting plasma glucose above 126. A random plasma
glucose of over 200 plus symptoms of diabetes, an oral glucose
tolerance test of two hours, plasma glucose of over 200, or a A1C
higher than 6.5.
A1c general goals - ANSWERS--<7, patients that experience severe
hypoglycemia/have a limited life expectancy may have an A1C goal
of <8.
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A1c older adults - ANSWERS--<8, those with multiple coexisting
chronic illnesses, cognitive impairment, or functional dependence
should have less stringent glycemic goals such as <8.0-8.5.
When should insulin be considered? - ANSWERS--For treatment of
persistent hyperglycemia starting at a threshold of >180.
Early introduction of insulin should be considered if there is evidence
of ongoing weight loss, if symptoms of hyperglycemia are present, or
whenA1C levels >10% or BGS >300
At what time interval should A1c be re-checked?
How often should an A1C be monitored when stable or when
unstable? - ANSWERS--Every 2-3 months and max of 4 times a year.
If <7, every 6 months.
At least two times a year if meeting goals and quarterly if meds have
changed or not meeting goals.
Action of Insulin - ANSWERS--Anabolic, energy conservation,
promotes cellular growth and division.
Pioglitazone contraindications: - ANSWERS--Heart failure (severe =
no, mild = caution) and bladder cancer. Causes fluid retention.
GLP-1 (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Glucagonlike
Peptide - Subcutaneous injections - Dulaglutide (Trulicity),
Semaglutide (Ozempic), Liraglutide (Victoza).
, 4|Page
SGLT2i (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Sodium Glucose
Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin
(Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance).
DPP4-I (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Dipeptidyl
Peptidase-4 Inhibitors - Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin.
TZD (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Thiazolidinediones -
Rosiglitazone & Pioglitazone
Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin? -
ANSWERS--It is recommended that a GLP-1 be considered before
starting insulin. Metformin first always unless contraindicated.
Ratio of basal insulin to rapid-acting insulin in total daily dose (TDD)
of insulin - ANSWERS--Basal and bolus insulin replacement
encompasses approximately 50% of the total daily insulin dose (TDD)
Example: TDD = patient's weight in kg (80kg) x 0.6 units = 48 units.
That means 24 units of the TDD is the basal insulin dose and the
other 24 units is rapid-acting.
How is total daily dose (TDD) of insulin calculated - ANSWERS--TDD is
calculated by taking the total weight in kg and multiply by 0.6 units.
NR565 Final 2026/2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS / EXAM QUESTIONS WILL COME
FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS/ A+ GRADED
What labs are used to diagnose hypo/hyper thyroid? - ANSWERS--
TSH, T3, and T4. High TSH = hypo and low TSH = hyper. Opposites.
Timeframe for re-check of labs after starting levothyroxine -
ANSWERS--6-8 weeks (long half-life). Yearly after stable.
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWERS--Dry hair, puffy
face, goiter in the neck, slow heartbeat, weight gain, constipation,
infertility, increased risk of miscarriages, irregular menstrual cycle,
cold intolerance.
Drug of choice for hypothyroidism - ANSWERS--Levothyroxine
(Synthroid)
§ Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ANSWERS--Hair loss,
bulging eyes, goiter, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, diarrhea,
menstrual periods loss often or longer.
Drug of choice for hyperthyroidism - ANSWERS--Methimazole
(Tapazole)
,2|Page
Treatment of thyroid storm - ANSWERS--high doses of potassium
iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress thyroid
hormone release. Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone
synthesis. Beta blocker given to reduce HR. additional measures
include sedation, cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV fluids.
Result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy: - ANSWERS-
-Permanent neuro-psychological deficits in the child. Decrease
IQ/neuropsychological function. First trimester.
Medication to treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism (notice this is
treating symptoms and not the hyperthyroidism itself): - ANSWERS--
Beta blockers (tachycardia) - propranolol/atenolol most
popular.Non-radioactive iodine. ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY.
Drug/Food/Supplement interactions with levothyroxine: - ANSWERS-
-Do not take antacids, Calcium or Iron, how to take it (morning 30-60
min b4 eat.
How to confirm a diagnosis of DM prior to beginning treatment: -
ANSWERS--Fasting plasma glucose above 126. A random plasma
glucose of over 200 plus symptoms of diabetes, an oral glucose
tolerance test of two hours, plasma glucose of over 200, or a A1C
higher than 6.5.
A1c general goals - ANSWERS--<7, patients that experience severe
hypoglycemia/have a limited life expectancy may have an A1C goal
of <8.
,3|Page
A1c older adults - ANSWERS--<8, those with multiple coexisting
chronic illnesses, cognitive impairment, or functional dependence
should have less stringent glycemic goals such as <8.0-8.5.
When should insulin be considered? - ANSWERS--For treatment of
persistent hyperglycemia starting at a threshold of >180.
Early introduction of insulin should be considered if there is evidence
of ongoing weight loss, if symptoms of hyperglycemia are present, or
whenA1C levels >10% or BGS >300
At what time interval should A1c be re-checked?
How often should an A1C be monitored when stable or when
unstable? - ANSWERS--Every 2-3 months and max of 4 times a year.
If <7, every 6 months.
At least two times a year if meeting goals and quarterly if meds have
changed or not meeting goals.
Action of Insulin - ANSWERS--Anabolic, energy conservation,
promotes cellular growth and division.
Pioglitazone contraindications: - ANSWERS--Heart failure (severe =
no, mild = caution) and bladder cancer. Causes fluid retention.
GLP-1 (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Glucagonlike
Peptide - Subcutaneous injections - Dulaglutide (Trulicity),
Semaglutide (Ozempic), Liraglutide (Victoza).
, 4|Page
SGLT2i (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Sodium Glucose
Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana), Dapagliflozin
(Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance).
DPP4-I (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Dipeptidyl
Peptidase-4 Inhibitors - Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin.
TZD (abbreviation and examples) - ANSWERS--Thiazolidinediones -
Rosiglitazone & Pioglitazone
Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin? -
ANSWERS--It is recommended that a GLP-1 be considered before
starting insulin. Metformin first always unless contraindicated.
Ratio of basal insulin to rapid-acting insulin in total daily dose (TDD)
of insulin - ANSWERS--Basal and bolus insulin replacement
encompasses approximately 50% of the total daily insulin dose (TDD)
Example: TDD = patient's weight in kg (80kg) x 0.6 units = 48 units.
That means 24 units of the TDD is the basal insulin dose and the
other 24 units is rapid-acting.
How is total daily dose (TDD) of insulin calculated - ANSWERS--TDD is
calculated by taking the total weight in kg and multiply by 0.6 units.
