1|Page
NR565 Final Exam 2026/2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS / EXAM QUESTIONS
WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS/ A+
GRADED
Glucose Production & Release - ANSWERS---All cells in the body need
energy to function
• primarily comes from glucose; a type of sugar found in
carbohydrates.
-between meals, glucose stores in the liver are released into the
bloodstream
• ensures a constant source of energy for the body
-After a meal, carbohydrates are digested & release glucose into the
bloodstream
Insulin Release in Type I Diabetes - ANSWERS---As glucose levels in
the blood rise, beta cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release
insulin
-Insulin halts the livers glucose release & initiates small amounts of
glucose to be stored in the liver for future use
-type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are damaged or destroyed
• damaged beta cells produce little to no insulin
,2|Page
Systemic Insulin and Glucose in Type I Diabetes - ANSWERS---Insulin
& glucose travel through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout
the body
-Due to diminished insulin production, patients with type 1 diabetes
have a low insulin concentration & high glucose (sugar)
concentration in their blood
Glucose Absorption in Type I Diabetes - ANSWERS---Insulin is
required for glucose to enter cells & be used as energy
-Once arriving at the intended cell, insulin binds to specialized
receptors on the cell surface
• initiates glucose transporters to open & glucose to flow into the
cell
-type 1 diabetes, low levels of insulin prevent adequate amounts of
glucose from entering the cell
• Because glucose remains in the bloodstream & is not used by the
cell as energy, patients with type 1 diabetes may experience fatigue,
exhaustion, & dizziness
Insulin Release in Type II Diabetes - ANSWERS---As glucose levels in
the blood rise, beta cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release
insulin
-insulin halts the livers glucose release & initiates small amounts of
glucose to be stored in the liver for future use
-In type 2 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells become damaged or
destroyed over time
• damaged beta cells produce little to no insulin.
,3|Page
Systemic Insulin and Glucose in Type II Diabetes - ANSWERS---Insulin
& glucose travel through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout
the body
-Insulin is required for glucose to enter cells & be used as energy
-In type 2 diabetes, insulin is not used properly & glucose remains in
the bloodstream
• leads to high levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia).
Glucose Absorption in Type II Diabetes - ANSWERS---Once arriving at
the intended cell, insulin binds to specialized receptors on the cell
surface
• initiates glucose transporters to open & glucose to flow into the
cell
-type 2 diabetes, the body is resistant to the effects of insulin & does
not properly bind to insulin receptors
-Due to insulin resistance & resulting hyperglycemia, patients with
type 2 diabetes may experience increased thirst or hunger, fatigue,
blurry vision, and slow-healing wounds
Hypothyroidism - ANSWERS---an underproduction of the hormone
thyroxine (T4)
-When the thyroid produces too little thyroxine
• body's metabolism slows down
• wide array of effects on the body
-Hypothyroidism can cause:
• fatigue
• depressed mood
, 4|Page
• slow heart rate
• constipation
• weight gain
• irregular menstrual periods
-more common in women >60 & people who have a family hx of the
condition
Hyperthyroidism - ANSWERS---an overproduction of thyroid
hormones: triiodothyronine (T3), & thyroxine (T4)
-When the thyroid produces too much T3 & T4
• metabolism increases
• can cause a wide variety of symptoms:
➣hand tremors
➣rapid heart rate
➣anxiety or irritability
➣frequent bowel movements
➣increased appetite
➣weight loss
➣infrequent menstrual periods
➣trouble sleeping
-more common in women & people who have a family hx of the
condition
NR565 Final Exam 2026/2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS / EXAM QUESTIONS
WILL COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS/ A+
GRADED
Glucose Production & Release - ANSWERS---All cells in the body need
energy to function
• primarily comes from glucose; a type of sugar found in
carbohydrates.
-between meals, glucose stores in the liver are released into the
bloodstream
• ensures a constant source of energy for the body
-After a meal, carbohydrates are digested & release glucose into the
bloodstream
Insulin Release in Type I Diabetes - ANSWERS---As glucose levels in
the blood rise, beta cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release
insulin
-Insulin halts the livers glucose release & initiates small amounts of
glucose to be stored in the liver for future use
-type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are damaged or destroyed
• damaged beta cells produce little to no insulin
,2|Page
Systemic Insulin and Glucose in Type I Diabetes - ANSWERS---Insulin
& glucose travel through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout
the body
-Due to diminished insulin production, patients with type 1 diabetes
have a low insulin concentration & high glucose (sugar)
concentration in their blood
Glucose Absorption in Type I Diabetes - ANSWERS---Insulin is
required for glucose to enter cells & be used as energy
-Once arriving at the intended cell, insulin binds to specialized
receptors on the cell surface
• initiates glucose transporters to open & glucose to flow into the
cell
-type 1 diabetes, low levels of insulin prevent adequate amounts of
glucose from entering the cell
• Because glucose remains in the bloodstream & is not used by the
cell as energy, patients with type 1 diabetes may experience fatigue,
exhaustion, & dizziness
Insulin Release in Type II Diabetes - ANSWERS---As glucose levels in
the blood rise, beta cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release
insulin
-insulin halts the livers glucose release & initiates small amounts of
glucose to be stored in the liver for future use
-In type 2 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells become damaged or
destroyed over time
• damaged beta cells produce little to no insulin.
,3|Page
Systemic Insulin and Glucose in Type II Diabetes - ANSWERS---Insulin
& glucose travel through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout
the body
-Insulin is required for glucose to enter cells & be used as energy
-In type 2 diabetes, insulin is not used properly & glucose remains in
the bloodstream
• leads to high levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia).
Glucose Absorption in Type II Diabetes - ANSWERS---Once arriving at
the intended cell, insulin binds to specialized receptors on the cell
surface
• initiates glucose transporters to open & glucose to flow into the
cell
-type 2 diabetes, the body is resistant to the effects of insulin & does
not properly bind to insulin receptors
-Due to insulin resistance & resulting hyperglycemia, patients with
type 2 diabetes may experience increased thirst or hunger, fatigue,
blurry vision, and slow-healing wounds
Hypothyroidism - ANSWERS---an underproduction of the hormone
thyroxine (T4)
-When the thyroid produces too little thyroxine
• body's metabolism slows down
• wide array of effects on the body
-Hypothyroidism can cause:
• fatigue
• depressed mood
, 4|Page
• slow heart rate
• constipation
• weight gain
• irregular menstrual periods
-more common in women >60 & people who have a family hx of the
condition
Hyperthyroidism - ANSWERS---an overproduction of thyroid
hormones: triiodothyronine (T3), & thyroxine (T4)
-When the thyroid produces too much T3 & T4
• metabolism increases
• can cause a wide variety of symptoms:
➣hand tremors
➣rapid heart rate
➣anxiety or irritability
➣frequent bowel movements
➣increased appetite
➣weight loss
➣infrequent menstrual periods
➣trouble sleeping
-more common in women & people who have a family hx of the
condition
