Updated RATED A+ | NEW 2026
What is the selec on of a descrip ve research design based on?
Nature of the ini al problem or opportunity, research ques ons and objec ves
Survey research methods
Research procedures for collec ng large amounts of data using ques on-and-answer formats
(used in descrip ve research designs)
Advantages of survey methods
-accommodate large sample sizes so that results can be generalized to the target popula on
-Produce precise enough es mates to iden fy even small differences
-Easy to administer and record answers to structured ques ons
-Facilitate advanced sta s cal analysis
-Concepts and rela onships not directly measurable can be studied
Disadvantages of survey methods
-ques ons that accurately measure respondent a+tudes and behavior can be challenging to
develop
-In-depth data difficult to obtain
-Low response rates can be a problem
What is sampling error?
-Difference between the findings based on a sample and the true values for a popula on
-any bias a0ributable to "mistakes" in either drawing a sample or determining the sample size
What is sampling error caused by?
Method of sampling used, size of the sample
What reduces sampling error?
increasing the size of the sample and using an appropriate sampling method
Types of Non-sampling errors
Respondent, Non-response, Response errors
, Respondent error
Respondents fail to par cipate in surveys or provide responses that do not reflect their true
answers
Non-response error
Systema c bias that occurs when the final sample differs from the planned sample
Response error
Respondents have "impaired" memory or do not respond accurately
Advantages of person administered surveys
-Adaptability
-Rapport
-Feedback
-Quality of repsonses
Disadvantages of person administered surveys
-Possible recording error
-Interviewer-respondent interac on error
-high expense
Advantages of self-administered surveys
-low cost per survey
-respondent control
-no interviewer-respondent bias
-anonymity in responses
disadvantages of self-administered surveys
-minimum flexibility
-high non-response rates
-poten al response errors
-slow data acquisi on
-lack of monitoring capability
Data generalizibility
Projectable to the popula on represented by the sample in a study
Topic sensi vity