Chemistry 221 Final Exam Questions With Detailed Correct Answers

Molarity - Correct Answers moles of solute/ Liter of Solution Core electrons____ more than tightly than valence electrons - Correct Answers bound Ionization energy/Electronegativity - Correct Answers increases across a row(left), up a column Atomic radius/Metallic Character - Correct Answers increases across a row(left), down a column Heterogeneous Mixture - Correct Answers A non-uniform mixture that has regions of different composition Homogeneous Mixture - Correct Answers A uniform mixture that has the same composition throughout Solution - Correct Answers A homogeneous mixture that contains particles the size of a typical ion or small molecule (Delta)H - Correct Answers(Hp)-(Hr) q=mc^T, each variable represent - Correct Answers q=energy, m=mass, c=specific heat, ^T= change of temp DA of q=mc^T, m= - Correct Answersmc/^T Solutes - Correct Answers Substances dissolved in the solvent (other ingredients in the mixture Aqueous Solutions - Correct Answers Water is solvent n in Molarity - Correct Answersn=grams/grams per mole M= - Correct Answers(grams of solute)/(molar mass of solute)/liter of solution Ionic Bonding - Correct Answersattraction between cations and anions, no sharing of electrons Covalent Bonding - Correct Answerselectrons are shared equally Polar Covalent - Correct Answersunequal sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule(partial charge p+ and p-) Electronegativity - Correct Answersability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself. Most to least polar: N-O, Cl-Cl, O-F - Correct AnswersO-F, N-O, Cl-Cl Dipole Moment - Correct Answersproperty of a molecule whose charge distribution can be represented by a center of a positive charge and a center of a negative charge) +- What is the metric system? - Correct AnswersMega, Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base ( mass-g, volume-L, length-m) deci,centi, milli, micro, nano, pico All matter can be broken down into what? - Correct AnswersMixtures or pure substances Two types of mixtures - Correct AnswersHomogenous and heterogenous What is the difference between a monoatomic and diatomic element? - Correct AnswersMonoatomic has only one atom and diatomic has two atoms. Atomic Orbital - Correct Answerss,d,f,p Hybrid Orbital - Correct Answerss,sp,sp2,sp3,sp3d1,sp3d2 Molecular Orbital - Correct AnswerspiSP, sigmaSP What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy? - Correct AnswersTemperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of substance molecules. What did Dalton do? - Correct AnswersFirst to use scientfic evidence-thought that atoms were tiny, solid spheres What did Thomson do? - Correct AnswersPlum pudding model shows negatively charged particles in an atom What did Rutherford do? - Correct AnswersUsed the gold foil experiment to prove the existence of a dense nucleus and protons What did Bohr do? - Correct AnswersSaid that electrons orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun Electron Cloud Theory - Correct AnswersElectrons occupy energy levels, sublevels, and oribitals in an "electron cloud" 1st column of the periodic table - Correct AnswersAlkali Metals 2nd column of the periodic table - Correct AnswersAlkali Earth Metals 17th column of the periodic table - Correct AnswersHalogens 18th column of the periodic table - Correct AnswersNoble Gases Isotope - Correct AnswersOne of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons Ion - Correct Answersa particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative) Dmitri Mendeleev - Correct AnswersRussian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements () Protons is equal to the number of what? - Correct AnswersElectrons What is the difference between an atom and an ion? - Correct AnswersAtoms have a stable energy level, but ions have more or less electrons than protons-they are charged What is the difference between an anion and cation? - Correct AnswersAn anion is a negative ion while a cation is a positively charged ion What goes first when creating a compound? - Correct AnswersCation What are ionic compounds made of? - Correct AnswersCation plus a anion What are three important properties of ionic compounds? - Correct AnswersHigh melting and boiling point, conduct electricty, and soluble in water Ionic compounds - Correct Answersmetal plus non-metal Covalent compounds - Correct Answersnon metal+non-metal What is a polyatomic ion? - Correct Answersan ion composed of 2 or more atoms Seven diatomic molecules - Correct Answershydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine Law of definite proportions - Correct Answers(chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight Law of conversation of mass - Correct Answersin any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed Law of conversation of energy - Correct AnswersA law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another Five types of reactions - Correct Answerscombination , decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, combustion