NUR265 PRACTICE SOLUTION REVIEW SET
FOUR 2026
◉ What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? Answer: -*Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
◉ In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater
than what? Answer: 3.5g in 24 hours
◉ What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? Answer: -
immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney
function)
,◉ Describe the "risk" stage for AKI Answer: creatinine x 1.5 of
normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
◉ Describe the "injury" stage for AKI Answer: creatinine x2 & GFR
reduced by 50%
◉ Describe the "failure" stage for AKI Answer: creatinine x3 normal,
& GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
◉ Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. Answer: Decreased
perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
◉ Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. Answer: Tissue damage to
the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
, -Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
◉ Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. Answer: Obstruction that
occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
◉ How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Answer: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
◉ What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? Answer: 65
mmHg
◉ What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? Answer: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
FOUR 2026
◉ What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? Answer: -*Massive
proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
◉ In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater
than what? Answer: 3.5g in 24 hours
◉ What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? Answer: -
immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney
function)
,◉ Describe the "risk" stage for AKI Answer: creatinine x 1.5 of
normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
◉ Describe the "injury" stage for AKI Answer: creatinine x2 & GFR
reduced by 50%
◉ Describe the "failure" stage for AKI Answer: creatinine x3 normal,
& GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
◉ Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. Answer: Decreased
perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
◉ Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. Answer: Tissue damage to
the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
, -Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
◉ Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. Answer: Obstruction that
occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
◉ How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Answer: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
◉ What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? Answer: 65
mmHg
◉ What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? Answer: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
