NUR-641E ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND
PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE NURSE
EDUCATOR CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Phenytoin (Dilantin).
Answer: Anticonvulsant provide good ORAL CARE to prevent gingival
hyperplasia (no reason to d/c)d/c: fever, skin rash, and lymphadenopathyrisk
for gait disturbance
◍ If a Patient with Parkinson or restless leg syndrome is younger than 65 and
has unilateral tremors only.
Answer: a dopamine agonist such as pramipexole should be used
◍ Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely.
Answer: How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?a. Use it to repair
the telomere to restore somatic cell growthb. Switch on the telomerase so
that cells can divide indefintelyc. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can
divide indefintelyd. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate
cell division
◍ Routine monitoring for patients taking cytokine immunomodulators.
Answer: TB skin testing should be performed before initiating therapy
◍ Which structure is lined with columnar epithelial cells?A) perimetriumB)
endocervical canalC) myometriumD) vagina.
Answer: Ans: B- endocervical canal
◍ alcohol abuse.
, Answer: The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis isa. coagulative
necrosisb. obstructionc. vascular damaged. alcohol abuse
◍ phases of ovarian cycle.
Answer: follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
◍ Apomorphine injection.
Answer: used for acute treatment of immobility known as "freezing."
Occurring in Parkinson
◍ classical, lectin, alternative.
Answer: 3 pathways of the complement system
◍ anti-oncogenes.
Answer: umor suppressor genes encode proteins that in their normal state
negatively regulate proliferation. They are also calleda. anti-oncogenesb.
proto-oncogenesc. mutation of RAS gened. oncogenes
◍ type I DM.
Answer: The most common form of diabetes in children is:a. type I DMb.
SIADHc. type II DMd. diabetes insipidus
◍ Migraines.
Answer: Treatment is with triptans, dihydroergotamine, antiemetics, and
analgesics. Preventive regimens include lifestyle modifications (eg, of
sleeping habits or diet) and drugs (eg, beta-blockers, amitriptyline,
topiramate, divalproex, monoclonal antibodies).
◍ febrile Seizure.
Answer: Therefore once the febrile seizure has ended phenobarbital can be
discontinued
◍ Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:A) adipose
cells contain little water because fat is water repellingB) the metabolic rates
of obese adults are slower than those of lean adultsC) the rates of urine
output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adultsD) the thirst
receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
, Answer: Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water
repelling
◍ Gout acute flare are treated with.
Answer: · such as Naproxen, colchicine, corticosteroids, or an interleukin-1
(IL-1) antagonist (Anakinra) but Prevention of further deposition of
monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, reduction in flare incidence, and
resolution of existing tophi by lowering the serum urate level (by decreasing
urate production with allopurinol or febuxostat, dissolving deposits with
uricase replacement therapy, or increasing urate excretion with probenecid
◍ asthma.
Answer: This is classified as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the
bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of
the airways and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible.a.
pneumoniab. asthmac. COPDd. upper respiratory infection
◍ Oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5) such as Sildenafil and Tadalafil
are the first line treatment for erectile dysfunction but these drugs.
Answer: cause direct coronary vasodilation and potentiate the hypotensive
effects of other nitrates, including those used to treat coronary artery
disease. The concomitant use of nitrates and PDE5 inhibitors can be
dangerous and should be avoided. For this type of patients a vacuum
constriction device that draws blood into the penis via suction
◍ Methotrexate (Rheumatrex).
Answer: immunosuppressant tx: RA and psoriasiss/sx: bone marrow
suppression, increased risk for infection, education: avoid large groups,
people with infections, receive inactivated vaccines (flue and
pneumococcal) NO live (herpes voter) NO preggos, and NO ETOH r/t
hepatotoxic side effects
◍ severe loss of CD4 Th cells.
Answer: The hallmark of AIDS profound immunosuppression, results
from:a. proper function of helper t cellsb. infection of b cellsc. severe loss of
CD4 Th cellsd. none of the above
, ◍ Valproic Acid.
Answer: Anticonvulsant: used in absence, clonic−tonic, and myoclonic
seizure states, migraine prophylactic. Tox: GI distress, hepatic necrosis
(rare), teratogenic (spina bifida); inhibits drug metabolism
◍ Antidepressants given to patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Answer: do not appear to be effective and cause adverse effects and
unwanted drug interactions.
◍ What are several disorders collectively known as chronic myeloproliferative
disorder.
Answer: Essential theombocytosis, polycythemia Vera, chronic idiopathic
myelofibrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia,
chronic eosinophilia leukemia
◍ staph aureus.
Answer: The microorganisms usually associated wtih acute pyelonephritis
include all EXCEPT:a. pseudomonasb. proteusc. staph aureusd. E. coli
◍ If a patient reports dribbling small amounts of urine but also has difficulty
initiating a urine stream.
Answer: Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist should be used to treat voiding
dysfunction by increasing the activity of the detrusor muscle.
◍ cushing disease.
Answer: Weight gain and accumulation of adipose tissue in the trunk, face
and cervical areas is seen with:a. hypothyroidismb. metabolic syndromec.
graves diseased. cushing disease
◍ RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
Answer: Transcription is best defined as a process by whicha. A base pair
substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequenceb. DNA
polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.c. RNA directs the synthesis
of ribosomes for protein synthesisd. RNA is synthesized from a DNA
template
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND
PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE NURSE
EDUCATOR CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Phenytoin (Dilantin).
Answer: Anticonvulsant provide good ORAL CARE to prevent gingival
hyperplasia (no reason to d/c)d/c: fever, skin rash, and lymphadenopathyrisk
for gait disturbance
◍ If a Patient with Parkinson or restless leg syndrome is younger than 65 and
has unilateral tremors only.
Answer: a dopamine agonist such as pramipexole should be used
◍ Switch on the telomerase so that cells can divide indefintely.
Answer: How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?a. Use it to repair
the telomere to restore somatic cell growthb. Switch on the telomerase so
that cells can divide indefintelyc. Switch off the telomerase so that cells can
divide indefintelyd. Use it as an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate
cell division
◍ Routine monitoring for patients taking cytokine immunomodulators.
Answer: TB skin testing should be performed before initiating therapy
◍ Which structure is lined with columnar epithelial cells?A) perimetriumB)
endocervical canalC) myometriumD) vagina.
Answer: Ans: B- endocervical canal
◍ alcohol abuse.
, Answer: The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis isa. coagulative
necrosisb. obstructionc. vascular damaged. alcohol abuse
◍ phases of ovarian cycle.
Answer: follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
◍ Apomorphine injection.
Answer: used for acute treatment of immobility known as "freezing."
Occurring in Parkinson
◍ classical, lectin, alternative.
Answer: 3 pathways of the complement system
◍ anti-oncogenes.
Answer: umor suppressor genes encode proteins that in their normal state
negatively regulate proliferation. They are also calleda. anti-oncogenesb.
proto-oncogenesc. mutation of RAS gened. oncogenes
◍ type I DM.
Answer: The most common form of diabetes in children is:a. type I DMb.
SIADHc. type II DMd. diabetes insipidus
◍ Migraines.
Answer: Treatment is with triptans, dihydroergotamine, antiemetics, and
analgesics. Preventive regimens include lifestyle modifications (eg, of
sleeping habits or diet) and drugs (eg, beta-blockers, amitriptyline,
topiramate, divalproex, monoclonal antibodies).
◍ febrile Seizure.
Answer: Therefore once the febrile seizure has ended phenobarbital can be
discontinued
◍ Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:A) adipose
cells contain little water because fat is water repellingB) the metabolic rates
of obese adults are slower than those of lean adultsC) the rates of urine
output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adultsD) the thirst
receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.
, Answer: Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water
repelling
◍ Gout acute flare are treated with.
Answer: · such as Naproxen, colchicine, corticosteroids, or an interleukin-1
(IL-1) antagonist (Anakinra) but Prevention of further deposition of
monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, reduction in flare incidence, and
resolution of existing tophi by lowering the serum urate level (by decreasing
urate production with allopurinol or febuxostat, dissolving deposits with
uricase replacement therapy, or increasing urate excretion with probenecid
◍ asthma.
Answer: This is classified as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the
bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of
the airways and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible.a.
pneumoniab. asthmac. COPDd. upper respiratory infection
◍ Oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5) such as Sildenafil and Tadalafil
are the first line treatment for erectile dysfunction but these drugs.
Answer: cause direct coronary vasodilation and potentiate the hypotensive
effects of other nitrates, including those used to treat coronary artery
disease. The concomitant use of nitrates and PDE5 inhibitors can be
dangerous and should be avoided. For this type of patients a vacuum
constriction device that draws blood into the penis via suction
◍ Methotrexate (Rheumatrex).
Answer: immunosuppressant tx: RA and psoriasiss/sx: bone marrow
suppression, increased risk for infection, education: avoid large groups,
people with infections, receive inactivated vaccines (flue and
pneumococcal) NO live (herpes voter) NO preggos, and NO ETOH r/t
hepatotoxic side effects
◍ severe loss of CD4 Th cells.
Answer: The hallmark of AIDS profound immunosuppression, results
from:a. proper function of helper t cellsb. infection of b cellsc. severe loss of
CD4 Th cellsd. none of the above
, ◍ Valproic Acid.
Answer: Anticonvulsant: used in absence, clonic−tonic, and myoclonic
seizure states, migraine prophylactic. Tox: GI distress, hepatic necrosis
(rare), teratogenic (spina bifida); inhibits drug metabolism
◍ Antidepressants given to patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Answer: do not appear to be effective and cause adverse effects and
unwanted drug interactions.
◍ What are several disorders collectively known as chronic myeloproliferative
disorder.
Answer: Essential theombocytosis, polycythemia Vera, chronic idiopathic
myelofibrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia,
chronic eosinophilia leukemia
◍ staph aureus.
Answer: The microorganisms usually associated wtih acute pyelonephritis
include all EXCEPT:a. pseudomonasb. proteusc. staph aureusd. E. coli
◍ If a patient reports dribbling small amounts of urine but also has difficulty
initiating a urine stream.
Answer: Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist should be used to treat voiding
dysfunction by increasing the activity of the detrusor muscle.
◍ cushing disease.
Answer: Weight gain and accumulation of adipose tissue in the trunk, face
and cervical areas is seen with:a. hypothyroidismb. metabolic syndromec.
graves diseased. cushing disease
◍ RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
Answer: Transcription is best defined as a process by whicha. A base pair
substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequenceb. DNA
polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.c. RNA directs the synthesis
of ribosomes for protein synthesisd. RNA is synthesized from a DNA
template
