CHAPTER 19 CIRCULATION AND SHORT-TERM BLOOD
PRESSURE REGULATION PNB 2265 QUESTIONS WITH
RIGHT ANSWERS 2026 – 2027 .
Sort the vessel types in the order of blood flow, starting with those that first carry blood away
from the heart and finishing with those that eventually return blood to the heart. - Correct
Answer -1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood? - Correct Answer -Pulmonary veins
Systemic arteries
Arrange the layers of a blood vessel wall from superficial to deep. - Correct Answer -1.
Tunica externa
2. Tunica media
3. tunica intima
A 61-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of vomiting, profuse
sweating, and very severe chest pain. He described the pain as excruciating and tearing in
nature. He also noted that the pain was radiating around to the middle of his back. An ECG
test returned normal results. What is the likely problem the patient is suffering from? -
Correct Answer -Aortic dissection (tearing)
Aortic dissection is distinguished from a myocardial infarction by sudden, excruciating chest
pain, but there is no evidence of abnormal ECG. Other common symptoms include dysphagia
from esophageal compression (blood leakage), abdominal pain, fever, and severe anxiety
Match each layer of the blood vessel wall to a description of its tissue content:
1. Tunica intima
1
, 2. Tunica media
3. Tunica externa - Correct Answer -1. Simple squamous endothelium
2. Smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
3. Collagenous connective tissue
Why must the aorta and its branches be able to stretch and recoil so readily? - Correct
Answer -These arteries must be able to stretch when pressure rises during ventricular systole
and then recoil when pressure falls during ventricular diastole
Which arteries are most directly responsible for controlling the amount of blood entering
individual capillary beds? - Correct Answer -Arterioles
They feed directly into capillary beds and can either vasoconstrict or vasodilate to change
local resistance to blood flow
Match each artery type to its description.
1. Elastic arteries
2. Muscular arteries
3. Arterioles - Correct Answer -1. These arteries are closet to the heart and have relatively
larger lumens than other arteries
2. These arteries have the thickest tunica media of any vessel type
3. These arteries can be so small that their wall is only an endothelium and a thin layer of
smooth muscle fibers
What would be the effect of capillaries withe diameters less than 5 micrometers? - Correct
Answer -The capillaries would quickly plug with red blood cells, making them ineffective in
delivering nutrients to tissues.
How does the presence of large fenestrations within sinusoids affect the movement of
cancerous cells or bacteria? - Correct Answer -It makes the movement of bacteria or cancer
cells easier throughout the body. This is one of the drawbacks of this type of arrangement
Arrange the capillary types in order of most to least permeable - Correct Answer -1. Sinusoid
capillaries
2. Fenestrated capillaries
2
PRESSURE REGULATION PNB 2265 QUESTIONS WITH
RIGHT ANSWERS 2026 – 2027 .
Sort the vessel types in the order of blood flow, starting with those that first carry blood away
from the heart and finishing with those that eventually return blood to the heart. - Correct
Answer -1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood? - Correct Answer -Pulmonary veins
Systemic arteries
Arrange the layers of a blood vessel wall from superficial to deep. - Correct Answer -1.
Tunica externa
2. Tunica media
3. tunica intima
A 61-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of vomiting, profuse
sweating, and very severe chest pain. He described the pain as excruciating and tearing in
nature. He also noted that the pain was radiating around to the middle of his back. An ECG
test returned normal results. What is the likely problem the patient is suffering from? -
Correct Answer -Aortic dissection (tearing)
Aortic dissection is distinguished from a myocardial infarction by sudden, excruciating chest
pain, but there is no evidence of abnormal ECG. Other common symptoms include dysphagia
from esophageal compression (blood leakage), abdominal pain, fever, and severe anxiety
Match each layer of the blood vessel wall to a description of its tissue content:
1. Tunica intima
1
, 2. Tunica media
3. Tunica externa - Correct Answer -1. Simple squamous endothelium
2. Smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
3. Collagenous connective tissue
Why must the aorta and its branches be able to stretch and recoil so readily? - Correct
Answer -These arteries must be able to stretch when pressure rises during ventricular systole
and then recoil when pressure falls during ventricular diastole
Which arteries are most directly responsible for controlling the amount of blood entering
individual capillary beds? - Correct Answer -Arterioles
They feed directly into capillary beds and can either vasoconstrict or vasodilate to change
local resistance to blood flow
Match each artery type to its description.
1. Elastic arteries
2. Muscular arteries
3. Arterioles - Correct Answer -1. These arteries are closet to the heart and have relatively
larger lumens than other arteries
2. These arteries have the thickest tunica media of any vessel type
3. These arteries can be so small that their wall is only an endothelium and a thin layer of
smooth muscle fibers
What would be the effect of capillaries withe diameters less than 5 micrometers? - Correct
Answer -The capillaries would quickly plug with red blood cells, making them ineffective in
delivering nutrients to tissues.
How does the presence of large fenestrations within sinusoids affect the movement of
cancerous cells or bacteria? - Correct Answer -It makes the movement of bacteria or cancer
cells easier throughout the body. This is one of the drawbacks of this type of arrangement
Arrange the capillary types in order of most to least permeable - Correct Answer -1. Sinusoid
capillaries
2. Fenestrated capillaries
2
