PNB 2265 EXAM 4 – UCONN QUIZZES WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS .
Kidney vascularization - Correct Answer -Vascular, highly perfused organ
Kidney function - Correct Answer -FILTRATION, ABSORPTION, SECRETION
-Metabolic wastes are removed: "clean blood" returns to circulation (specifically nitrogenous
wastes: end products of amino acid metabolism)
-Humans: take form of urea
-Handle many different substances
Renal functions - Correct Answer --Excretes metabolic end products: Drugs, organic
molecules, xenobiotics
-Regulates ion balances: Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, Cl, HCO3-, PO4, H2O
-Regulates osmolarity & pH
-Endocrine organ
-Long term regulation of BP: Plasma volume is changed
Gross anatomy of renal system - Correct Answer --Kidney
-Ureter
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra
Gross anatomy of kidney - Correct Answer --Cortex
-Medulla
-Calyces
-Nephron
Cortex of kidney - Correct Answer --Outer area
1
,-Inner juxtamedullary region
Medulla of kidney - Correct Answer --Inner area
-Renal pyramids
Calyces of kidney - Correct Answer --Minor: papillae extend
-Major: converge with minor to form renal pelvis
Nephron - Correct Answer --Functional unit of the kidney
-Juxtamedullary
-Cortical
-Create and maintain osmotic gradient between interstitial fluid & urine
Nephron components - Correct Answer --Renal corpuscle: bowman's capsule + glomerulus
-Proximal convoluted tubule (PT)
-Loop of Henle
-Distal Convoluted Tubule (DT)
-Collecting duct (CD)
2 types of nephrons - Correct Answer --Cortical nephrons
-Juxtamedullary nephrons
Cortical nephrons - Correct Answer --Cortex
-Most renal processes
Juxtamedullary nephrons - Correct Answer --Loops of henley extend deep into the medulla
-Urine concentration
Filtration - Correct Answer --Non-selective movement of fluid & solutes from glomerulus →
lumen
-Location: Bowman's capsule
2
, Absorption - Correct Answer --Semi-selective movement of water & solutes from lumen →
blood vessels
-Transporters
-Location: PT in the loop of henle, DT,
Collecting duct
Blood vessels in the nephron - Correct Answer --Peritubular capillaries
-Vasa recta: juxtamedullary nephrons
Secretion - Correct Answer --Selective movement of water & solutes from peritubular
capillaries → lumen of nephron
-Active-transport
-Location: Proximal capsule, Distal capsule, Collecting duct
Filtration fraction - Correct Answer --20% of blood sent to kidney is sent to the nephron
-Vast majority is reabsorbed (1 day: kidney filters & reabsorbs entire volume of the blood 50
or 60 times)
Why is there a high filtration volume in the kidney - Correct Answer --Allows for speed
-Non-selective for the most part
-Transporters for what is being selectively reabsorbed back into the blood
-Did not have this system: need a transporter for every single substance that could enter the
blood
Renal corpsucle - Correct Answer --Highly vascularized
-Glomerulus
-Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus - Correct Answer --Capillaries: Fenestrated endothelial cells (few tight junctions)
-Afferent arteriole: blood in
-Efferent arteriole: blood out
3
100% CORRECT ANSWERS .
Kidney vascularization - Correct Answer -Vascular, highly perfused organ
Kidney function - Correct Answer -FILTRATION, ABSORPTION, SECRETION
-Metabolic wastes are removed: "clean blood" returns to circulation (specifically nitrogenous
wastes: end products of amino acid metabolism)
-Humans: take form of urea
-Handle many different substances
Renal functions - Correct Answer --Excretes metabolic end products: Drugs, organic
molecules, xenobiotics
-Regulates ion balances: Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, Cl, HCO3-, PO4, H2O
-Regulates osmolarity & pH
-Endocrine organ
-Long term regulation of BP: Plasma volume is changed
Gross anatomy of renal system - Correct Answer --Kidney
-Ureter
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra
Gross anatomy of kidney - Correct Answer --Cortex
-Medulla
-Calyces
-Nephron
Cortex of kidney - Correct Answer --Outer area
1
,-Inner juxtamedullary region
Medulla of kidney - Correct Answer --Inner area
-Renal pyramids
Calyces of kidney - Correct Answer --Minor: papillae extend
-Major: converge with minor to form renal pelvis
Nephron - Correct Answer --Functional unit of the kidney
-Juxtamedullary
-Cortical
-Create and maintain osmotic gradient between interstitial fluid & urine
Nephron components - Correct Answer --Renal corpuscle: bowman's capsule + glomerulus
-Proximal convoluted tubule (PT)
-Loop of Henle
-Distal Convoluted Tubule (DT)
-Collecting duct (CD)
2 types of nephrons - Correct Answer --Cortical nephrons
-Juxtamedullary nephrons
Cortical nephrons - Correct Answer --Cortex
-Most renal processes
Juxtamedullary nephrons - Correct Answer --Loops of henley extend deep into the medulla
-Urine concentration
Filtration - Correct Answer --Non-selective movement of fluid & solutes from glomerulus →
lumen
-Location: Bowman's capsule
2
, Absorption - Correct Answer --Semi-selective movement of water & solutes from lumen →
blood vessels
-Transporters
-Location: PT in the loop of henle, DT,
Collecting duct
Blood vessels in the nephron - Correct Answer --Peritubular capillaries
-Vasa recta: juxtamedullary nephrons
Secretion - Correct Answer --Selective movement of water & solutes from peritubular
capillaries → lumen of nephron
-Active-transport
-Location: Proximal capsule, Distal capsule, Collecting duct
Filtration fraction - Correct Answer --20% of blood sent to kidney is sent to the nephron
-Vast majority is reabsorbed (1 day: kidney filters & reabsorbs entire volume of the blood 50
or 60 times)
Why is there a high filtration volume in the kidney - Correct Answer --Allows for speed
-Non-selective for the most part
-Transporters for what is being selectively reabsorbed back into the blood
-Did not have this system: need a transporter for every single substance that could enter the
blood
Renal corpsucle - Correct Answer --Highly vascularized
-Glomerulus
-Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus - Correct Answer --Capillaries: Fenestrated endothelial cells (few tight junctions)
-Afferent arteriole: blood in
-Efferent arteriole: blood out
3
