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Estructuras y Funciones Normales

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S
iná
psi
s
¿Quéesl as i
napsi
s?
l
as inapsiseselprocesomedianteelcuallasneuronass e
comuni canentresíparatransmi
tiri
nformación.L
as inapsises
esencialparanues t
rofunci
onamiento,parapoders enti
r,
pens aryac tuar
.
l
as inapsispermitequelasseñal
eseléctri
cassetrans mi
tande
unapar aquedees tamanerapodamosl levaracabocual qui
er
función.

¿Cómof uncional as i
napsis
?
l
acomuni caciónent reneuronass ei
niciacuandol aneurona
emisoras" di
s para"uni mpulsoeléctri
co,esdecir,unpotencialde
acci
ón. Es
t ohaceques eli
bereunneur otransmisorqueviaj
ar áa
travésdelax óndel aprimeraneuronahas t
al l
egarala
hendiduras ináptica,dondesepr oducelas inapsi
s.El
neurotrans misorat rav
esaráes teespaciohas tauni
rseal a
neuronar ecept oraat ravésdel adendrita,loqueprovocaráun
potencialdeacci ónenl aneur onareceptora.

Las i
naps iseléc tr i
ca: esunaconex iónf í
s i
caent relas
neuronasqueper mit enquel asseñalescheet ricass e
propaguendi rect ament edeunaneur onaaot ra.
Las i
naps isquí mica: eselt ipomáscomúndes i
naps i
spar a
comuni cari nfor maci ónent relasneur onas .
Existendost i
pos
des i
naps isquí mi cas:
1-Lasinaps isex citator iaesaquellaquepr ovocaunaument o
enelpot encialdeacci óndel aneur onapos tsináptica. L
a
si
naps i
sex cit
at or i
ass onf undament al
espar aelapr endizaje
ylamemor ia.
2-Las i
naps i
sinhi bitor iaesaquel l
aenl aquel aliberaciónde
neurotr ans misoresdi s minuyeelpot encialdeacci óndel a
neuronapos tsinápt ica. Lass i
napsisinhibi
toriass ones encial
es
sones encialespar acont rolarlaactivi
dadneur onalypar a
prevenirlas obr eex cit acióndel aneur onas .

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