PROGRESSIVE RENAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
PREP 2026 EXAM PREPARATION PACK KEY
KIDNEY DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND DIALYSIS
PRINCIPLES WITH SAMPLE QUESTIONS
◉ What are the two types of nephrons? Answer: Cortical nephrons
and juxtamedullary nephrons.
◉ What is the role of juxtamedullary nephrons? Answer: They
regulate water balance and urine concentration.
◉ What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus regulate? Answer: The
secretion of renin.
◉ What is the macula densa? Answer: Tall, closely packed cells of the
ascending limb that respond to changes in solute concentration.
◉ What is the function of renin? Answer: It regulates the renin-
angiotensin system, which increases blood pressure.
◉ What is nephritis? Answer: Inflammation of the kidney.
, ◉ What is glomerulonephritis? Answer: Inflammation of the
glomeruli; can be acute or chronic.
◉ What typically causes acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)? Answer:
An abnormal immune reaction, usually occurring 1-3 weeks after
infection by beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.
◉ How do antigen-antibody complexes affect the kidneys in AGN?
Answer: They form insoluble immune complexes that lodge in the
kidneys, blocking the glomeruli.
◉ What characterizes chronic glomerulonephritis? Answer: It is a
progressive disease where more nephrons are damaged over time,
leading to kidney dysfunction.
◉ What happens to glomerular membranes in chronic
glomerulonephritis? Answer: Fibrous tissue replaces glomerular
membranes, disabling nephrons.
◉ What is the main function of the nephrons and collecting ducts?
Answer: To control the composition of body fluids and remove
wastes from the blood, producing urine.
◉ What are the three processes of urine formation? Answer:
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
PREP 2026 EXAM PREPARATION PACK KEY
KIDNEY DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND DIALYSIS
PRINCIPLES WITH SAMPLE QUESTIONS
◉ What are the two types of nephrons? Answer: Cortical nephrons
and juxtamedullary nephrons.
◉ What is the role of juxtamedullary nephrons? Answer: They
regulate water balance and urine concentration.
◉ What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus regulate? Answer: The
secretion of renin.
◉ What is the macula densa? Answer: Tall, closely packed cells of the
ascending limb that respond to changes in solute concentration.
◉ What is the function of renin? Answer: It regulates the renin-
angiotensin system, which increases blood pressure.
◉ What is nephritis? Answer: Inflammation of the kidney.
, ◉ What is glomerulonephritis? Answer: Inflammation of the
glomeruli; can be acute or chronic.
◉ What typically causes acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)? Answer:
An abnormal immune reaction, usually occurring 1-3 weeks after
infection by beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.
◉ How do antigen-antibody complexes affect the kidneys in AGN?
Answer: They form insoluble immune complexes that lodge in the
kidneys, blocking the glomeruli.
◉ What characterizes chronic glomerulonephritis? Answer: It is a
progressive disease where more nephrons are damaged over time,
leading to kidney dysfunction.
◉ What happens to glomerular membranes in chronic
glomerulonephritis? Answer: Fibrous tissue replaces glomerular
membranes, disabling nephrons.
◉ What is the main function of the nephrons and collecting ducts?
Answer: To control the composition of body fluids and remove
wastes from the blood, producing urine.
◉ What are the three processes of urine formation? Answer:
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
