PROGRESSIVE RENAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
PREP 2026 FINAL REVIEW PACK COMPLETE
QUESTION SET AND CORE CONCEPT
SUMMARY
◉ What is the primary function of the kidneys? Answer: To remove
urea and metabolic waste from the bloodstream.
◉ What hormone does the kidney secrete that stimulates red blood
cell production? Answer: Erythropoietin (EPO).
◉ What is the role of renin in the renal system? Answer: Regulates
blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS).
◉ What are common signs of renal failure? Answer: Nausea,
vomiting, weakness, fatigue, and peripheral edema.
◉ What is the significance of proteinuria in urinalysis? Answer: It
indicates potential diabetes mellitus, renal failure, or congestive
heart failure.
, ◉ What does hematuria in urinalysis indicate? Answer: It may
indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI) or renal disease.
◉ What is acute kidney injury (AKI)? Answer: A sharp, sudden
decline in kidney function associated with increased BUN and
creatinine.
◉ What are the three types of AKI? Answer: Pre-renal, intra-renal,
and post-renal.
◉ What is chronic renal failure (CRF)? Answer: Progressive
deterioration of renal function leading to uremia.
◉ What is end-stage renal disease (ESRD)? Answer: The advanced
stage of CRF requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.
◉ What are the common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answer: Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension.
◉ What is the hallmark sign of kidney damage in CKD? Answer:
Proteinuria.
PREP 2026 FINAL REVIEW PACK COMPLETE
QUESTION SET AND CORE CONCEPT
SUMMARY
◉ What is the primary function of the kidneys? Answer: To remove
urea and metabolic waste from the bloodstream.
◉ What hormone does the kidney secrete that stimulates red blood
cell production? Answer: Erythropoietin (EPO).
◉ What is the role of renin in the renal system? Answer: Regulates
blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS).
◉ What are common signs of renal failure? Answer: Nausea,
vomiting, weakness, fatigue, and peripheral edema.
◉ What is the significance of proteinuria in urinalysis? Answer: It
indicates potential diabetes mellitus, renal failure, or congestive
heart failure.
, ◉ What does hematuria in urinalysis indicate? Answer: It may
indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI) or renal disease.
◉ What is acute kidney injury (AKI)? Answer: A sharp, sudden
decline in kidney function associated with increased BUN and
creatinine.
◉ What are the three types of AKI? Answer: Pre-renal, intra-renal,
and post-renal.
◉ What is chronic renal failure (CRF)? Answer: Progressive
deterioration of renal function leading to uremia.
◉ What is end-stage renal disease (ESRD)? Answer: The advanced
stage of CRF requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.
◉ What are the common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Answer: Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension.
◉ What is the hallmark sign of kidney damage in CKD? Answer:
Proteinuria.
