PROGRESSIVE RENAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
PREP 2026 STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
NEPHROLOGY NURSING CONCEPTS AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ What does anuria indicate? Answer: The absence of urine due to
kidney failure or obstruction.
◉ What is a diuretic? Answer: A substance that increases urine
production.
◉ Define dysuria. Answer: Painful or difficult urination.
◉ What is enuresis? Answer: Uncontrolled urination.
◉ What does hematuria refer to? Answer: The presence of blood in
the urine.
◉ What is polyuria? Answer: Excess urine production.
◉ What does pyuria indicate? Answer: The presence of pus (excess
white blood cells) in the urine.
,◉ What are the main organs of the urinary system? Answer:
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
◉ What is the primary function of the kidneys? Answer: To filter
blood and form urine.
◉ Where do the ureters transport urine? Answer: From the kidneys
to the urinary bladder.
◉ What is the role of the urinary bladder? Answer: To collect and
store urine.
◉ What is the function of the urethra? Answer: To convey urine from
the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
◉ Describe the location of the kidneys. Answer: They lie on either
side of the vertebral column, high in the posterior abdominal wall.
◉ What is the renal fascia? Answer: Connective tissue surrounding
the kidneys.
◉ What is the renal pelvis? Answer: A funnel-shaped sac that
collects urine from the kidney.
, ◉ What are nephrons? Answer: Functional units of the kidney, each
a site of urine production.
◉ How many nephrons does each kidney contain? Answer: About 1
million.
◉ What is the glomerulus? Answer: A cluster of capillaries that
filters blood in the renal corpuscle.
◉ What is the pathway of blood flow through a nephron? Answer:
Afferent arteriole → Glomerulus → Efferent arteriole → Peritubular
capillaries.
◉ What are the two types of nephrons? Answer: Cortical nephrons
and juxtamedullary nephrons.
◉ What is the role of juxtamedullary nephrons? Answer: They
regulate water balance and urine concentration.
◉ What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus regulate? Answer: The
secretion of renin.
PREP 2026 STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
NEPHROLOGY NURSING CONCEPTS AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ What does anuria indicate? Answer: The absence of urine due to
kidney failure or obstruction.
◉ What is a diuretic? Answer: A substance that increases urine
production.
◉ Define dysuria. Answer: Painful or difficult urination.
◉ What is enuresis? Answer: Uncontrolled urination.
◉ What does hematuria refer to? Answer: The presence of blood in
the urine.
◉ What is polyuria? Answer: Excess urine production.
◉ What does pyuria indicate? Answer: The presence of pus (excess
white blood cells) in the urine.
,◉ What are the main organs of the urinary system? Answer:
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
◉ What is the primary function of the kidneys? Answer: To filter
blood and form urine.
◉ Where do the ureters transport urine? Answer: From the kidneys
to the urinary bladder.
◉ What is the role of the urinary bladder? Answer: To collect and
store urine.
◉ What is the function of the urethra? Answer: To convey urine from
the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
◉ Describe the location of the kidneys. Answer: They lie on either
side of the vertebral column, high in the posterior abdominal wall.
◉ What is the renal fascia? Answer: Connective tissue surrounding
the kidneys.
◉ What is the renal pelvis? Answer: A funnel-shaped sac that
collects urine from the kidney.
, ◉ What are nephrons? Answer: Functional units of the kidney, each
a site of urine production.
◉ How many nephrons does each kidney contain? Answer: About 1
million.
◉ What is the glomerulus? Answer: A cluster of capillaries that
filters blood in the renal corpuscle.
◉ What is the pathway of blood flow through a nephron? Answer:
Afferent arteriole → Glomerulus → Efferent arteriole → Peritubular
capillaries.
◉ What are the two types of nephrons? Answer: Cortical nephrons
and juxtamedullary nephrons.
◉ What is the role of juxtamedullary nephrons? Answer: They
regulate water balance and urine concentration.
◉ What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus regulate? Answer: The
secretion of renin.
