BIOLOGY 1010 FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Acid is - ✔✔a substance that causes increase of H+ ions in a solution
✔✔Base is - ✔✔a substance which makes the concentration of OH- ions exceed the
concentration of H+ ions
✔✔Neutral is - ✔✔a substance which contains as much H+ as it does OH-
✔✔Buffer is - ✔✔a substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and
OH- ions in a solution. They help maintain a constant pH by consuming or releasing H+.
✔✔Phosphate - ✔✔
✔✔Amino - ✔✔
✔✔Carboxyl - ✔✔
✔✔Hydroxyl - ✔✔
✔✔Aldehyde - ✔✔
✔✔Ketone - ✔✔
✔✔Sulfhydryl - ✔✔
✔✔Methyl - ✔✔
✔✔Functional Group is a - ✔✔Group that attaches to one of more of the carbons
[replaces H] and changes the molecule's chemical properties.
✔✔When one or more functional groups are attached to the carbon skeleton - ✔✔the
nature and shape of the functional group determines most of the chemical behavior of
the molecule
✔✔A Functional Group is generally know as - ✔✔the active site of the molecule
✔✔Steroid - ✔✔
✔✔Organic molecules are a - ✔✔chemical compounds which contain carbon and
hydrogen
✔✔Monomers are - ✔✔single subunits which make up large organic molecules
, ✔✔Polymers are - ✔✔long chain of monomer subunits linked together
✔✔Macromolecules are - ✔✔large molecules
✔✔Carbohydrates are - ✔✔organic molecules which consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen in the proportion C1H2O1; composed of simple sugar (monosaccharide)
subunits
✔✔Lipids are - ✔✔large organic molecules that typically do not dissolve in water
✔✔Proteins are - ✔✔polymers which consist of amino acid subunits
✔✔Nucleic Acids are - ✔✔polymers which consist of nucleotide subunits
✔✔Dehydration (Condensation) synthesis is a - ✔✔chemical reaction which joins
monomers together with the removal of a water molecule
✔✔Hydrolysis is a - ✔✔chemical reaction which separates monomers by the addition of
a water molecule
✔✔Monosaccharides (simple sugars) - ✔✔are the monomers of the carbohydrates.
✔✔Glucose - ✔✔
✔✔Monosaccharides (simple sugars) which contain - ✔✔3 carbons are commonly
called triose sugars
5 carbons pentose sugars
6 carbons hexose
✔✔Disaccharides are - ✔✔two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond
(i.e., sucrose & lactose)
✔✔A glycosidic bond is - ✔✔
✔✔Polysaccharides are - ✔✔long chains of carbohydrates.
✔✔Cellulose - ✔✔Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula n, a
polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β
linked D-glucose units
✔✔Starch - ✔✔Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large
number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by
most green plants as an energy store.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Acid is - ✔✔a substance that causes increase of H+ ions in a solution
✔✔Base is - ✔✔a substance which makes the concentration of OH- ions exceed the
concentration of H+ ions
✔✔Neutral is - ✔✔a substance which contains as much H+ as it does OH-
✔✔Buffer is - ✔✔a substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and
OH- ions in a solution. They help maintain a constant pH by consuming or releasing H+.
✔✔Phosphate - ✔✔
✔✔Amino - ✔✔
✔✔Carboxyl - ✔✔
✔✔Hydroxyl - ✔✔
✔✔Aldehyde - ✔✔
✔✔Ketone - ✔✔
✔✔Sulfhydryl - ✔✔
✔✔Methyl - ✔✔
✔✔Functional Group is a - ✔✔Group that attaches to one of more of the carbons
[replaces H] and changes the molecule's chemical properties.
✔✔When one or more functional groups are attached to the carbon skeleton - ✔✔the
nature and shape of the functional group determines most of the chemical behavior of
the molecule
✔✔A Functional Group is generally know as - ✔✔the active site of the molecule
✔✔Steroid - ✔✔
✔✔Organic molecules are a - ✔✔chemical compounds which contain carbon and
hydrogen
✔✔Monomers are - ✔✔single subunits which make up large organic molecules
, ✔✔Polymers are - ✔✔long chain of monomer subunits linked together
✔✔Macromolecules are - ✔✔large molecules
✔✔Carbohydrates are - ✔✔organic molecules which consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, and
Oxygen in the proportion C1H2O1; composed of simple sugar (monosaccharide)
subunits
✔✔Lipids are - ✔✔large organic molecules that typically do not dissolve in water
✔✔Proteins are - ✔✔polymers which consist of amino acid subunits
✔✔Nucleic Acids are - ✔✔polymers which consist of nucleotide subunits
✔✔Dehydration (Condensation) synthesis is a - ✔✔chemical reaction which joins
monomers together with the removal of a water molecule
✔✔Hydrolysis is a - ✔✔chemical reaction which separates monomers by the addition of
a water molecule
✔✔Monosaccharides (simple sugars) - ✔✔are the monomers of the carbohydrates.
✔✔Glucose - ✔✔
✔✔Monosaccharides (simple sugars) which contain - ✔✔3 carbons are commonly
called triose sugars
5 carbons pentose sugars
6 carbons hexose
✔✔Disaccharides are - ✔✔two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond
(i.e., sucrose & lactose)
✔✔A glycosidic bond is - ✔✔
✔✔Polysaccharides are - ✔✔long chains of carbohydrates.
✔✔Cellulose - ✔✔Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula n, a
polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β
linked D-glucose units
✔✔Starch - ✔✔Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large
number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by
most green plants as an energy store.
