BIOL 319 STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Volkmann Canal - ✔✔Another name for perforating canal
✔✔Portion of periosteum that extends into bone - ✔✔Define: Sharpey's fiber
✔✔Fill in spaces between concentric lamellae - ✔✔Function of interstitial lamellae
✔✔Hyaline cartilage - ✔✔What type of tissue makes up the bulk of an epiphyseal plate?
✔✔Arm flexion
Rotate arm medially
Adduct arm - ✔✔Action of pectoralis major
✔✔Arm extension
Adduct arm
Medially rotate arm at shoulder - ✔✔Action of latissimus dorsi
✔✔Arm abduction
Flexion and medially rotate humerus
Extension and lateral rotation of arm - ✔✔Action of Deltiod
✔✔Stabilize, raise, and retract scapula - ✔✔Action of trapezius
✔✔Draw scapula down and forward - ✔✔Action of the pectoralis minor
✔✔Flex vertebral column
Compress abdominal wall
Rotate and laterally flex trunk - ✔✔Action of the external oblique
✔✔Forearm flexion
Stabilize elbow during rapid flexion/extension - ✔✔Action of the brachioradialis
✔✔Pronate the forearm
Weak elbow flexor - ✔✔Action of the pronator teres
✔✔Flexor of wrist
Abduct hand - ✔✔Action of the flexor carpi radialis
✔✔Tenses skin and fascia of palm - ✔✔Action of the palmaris longus
✔✔Wrist flexor
, Adducts hand - ✔✔Action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
✔✔Extend and abduct wrist - ✔✔Action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
✔✔Extend and abduct wrist - ✔✔Action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
✔✔Extension of fingers - ✔✔Action of extensor digitorum
✔✔Extend and adduct wrist - ✔✔Action of the extensor carpi ulnaris
✔✔Flex distal phalanx of the thumb - ✔✔Action of the flexor pollicis longus
✔✔Flex distal interphangeal joints
Wrist flexion - ✔✔Action of the flexor digitorum profundus
✔✔Abduct and extend thumb - ✔✔Action of abductor pollicis longus
✔✔Extend thumb - ✔✔Action of extensor pollicis longus
✔✔Assist biceps brachii to supinate forearm - ✔✔Action of the supinator
✔✔Abduct thumb - ✔✔Action of the abductor pollicis brevis
✔✔Flexes thumb - ✔✔Action of the flexor pollicis brevis
✔✔Opposition of thumb - ✔✔Action of opponens pollicis
✔✔Adduct thumb
Aid in thumb opposition - ✔✔Action of the adductor pollicis
✔✔Opposition of the 5th metacarpal - ✔✔Action of the opponens minimi
✔✔Flex fingers at metacarpophalangeal joint
Extend finger at interphalangeal joint - ✔✔Action of lumbricals of the hand
✔✔Adduct fingers - ✔✔Action of the palmar interossei
✔✔Abduct fingers - ✔✔Action of dorsal interossei
✔✔Sternal end of clavical
Sternum
Cartilage of ribs 1-6 - ✔✔Origin of pectoralis major
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Volkmann Canal - ✔✔Another name for perforating canal
✔✔Portion of periosteum that extends into bone - ✔✔Define: Sharpey's fiber
✔✔Fill in spaces between concentric lamellae - ✔✔Function of interstitial lamellae
✔✔Hyaline cartilage - ✔✔What type of tissue makes up the bulk of an epiphyseal plate?
✔✔Arm flexion
Rotate arm medially
Adduct arm - ✔✔Action of pectoralis major
✔✔Arm extension
Adduct arm
Medially rotate arm at shoulder - ✔✔Action of latissimus dorsi
✔✔Arm abduction
Flexion and medially rotate humerus
Extension and lateral rotation of arm - ✔✔Action of Deltiod
✔✔Stabilize, raise, and retract scapula - ✔✔Action of trapezius
✔✔Draw scapula down and forward - ✔✔Action of the pectoralis minor
✔✔Flex vertebral column
Compress abdominal wall
Rotate and laterally flex trunk - ✔✔Action of the external oblique
✔✔Forearm flexion
Stabilize elbow during rapid flexion/extension - ✔✔Action of the brachioradialis
✔✔Pronate the forearm
Weak elbow flexor - ✔✔Action of the pronator teres
✔✔Flexor of wrist
Abduct hand - ✔✔Action of the flexor carpi radialis
✔✔Tenses skin and fascia of palm - ✔✔Action of the palmaris longus
✔✔Wrist flexor
, Adducts hand - ✔✔Action of the flexor carpi ulnaris
✔✔Extend and abduct wrist - ✔✔Action of the extensor carpi radialis longus
✔✔Extend and abduct wrist - ✔✔Action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
✔✔Extension of fingers - ✔✔Action of extensor digitorum
✔✔Extend and adduct wrist - ✔✔Action of the extensor carpi ulnaris
✔✔Flex distal phalanx of the thumb - ✔✔Action of the flexor pollicis longus
✔✔Flex distal interphangeal joints
Wrist flexion - ✔✔Action of the flexor digitorum profundus
✔✔Abduct and extend thumb - ✔✔Action of abductor pollicis longus
✔✔Extend thumb - ✔✔Action of extensor pollicis longus
✔✔Assist biceps brachii to supinate forearm - ✔✔Action of the supinator
✔✔Abduct thumb - ✔✔Action of the abductor pollicis brevis
✔✔Flexes thumb - ✔✔Action of the flexor pollicis brevis
✔✔Opposition of thumb - ✔✔Action of opponens pollicis
✔✔Adduct thumb
Aid in thumb opposition - ✔✔Action of the adductor pollicis
✔✔Opposition of the 5th metacarpal - ✔✔Action of the opponens minimi
✔✔Flex fingers at metacarpophalangeal joint
Extend finger at interphalangeal joint - ✔✔Action of lumbricals of the hand
✔✔Adduct fingers - ✔✔Action of the palmar interossei
✔✔Abduct fingers - ✔✔Action of dorsal interossei
✔✔Sternal end of clavical
Sternum
Cartilage of ribs 1-6 - ✔✔Origin of pectoralis major
