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POLS 2311 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
1. Dual Federalism - correct answer-doctrine based on the idea
that a precise separation of national power and state power
is possible and desirable
2. Enumerated (Expressed) Powers - correct answer-
seventeen powers granted to the national government;
includes taxation and regulation of commerce and the
authority to provide for the national defense
3. Federalism - correct answer-governmental system in which
authority is divided between two sovereign levels of
government; national and regional
4. Fiscal Federalism - correct answer-refers to the expenditure
of federal funds on programs run in part through states and
localities
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5. Grants-in-Aid - correct answer-federal cash payments to
states and localities for programs they administer
6. Implied Powers - correct answer-federal governments
constitutional authority to take action that is not expressly
authorized by the Constitution but that supports actions that
are so authorized
7. Nationalization - correct answer-process by which national
authority has increased over the course of US history as a
result of economic change but also political action
8. "Necessary and Proper" Clause - correct answer-authority
granted Congress to make laws which shall by necessary
and proper for the implementation of its enumerated powers
9. Reserved Powers - correct answer-powers granted to the
states under the tenth amendment to the constitution
10. Sovereignty - correct answer-the supreme authority to
govern within a certain geographical area
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11. Supremacy Clause - correct answer-makes national law
supreme over state law when the national government is
acting within its constitutional limits
12. Unitary System - correct answer-governmental system in
which the national government alone has sovereign authority
13. Affirmative Action - correct answer-programs designed to
ensure that women, minorities, and other traditionally
disadvantaged groups have full and equal opportunities in
employment, education, and other areas of life
14. Civil Rights - correct answer-right of every person to equal
protection under the laws and equal access to society's
opportunities and public facilities
15. De Facto Discrimination - correct answer-discrimination on
the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that
results from social, economic, and cultural biases and
conditions
POLS 2311 EXAM 1 2026 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
1. Dual Federalism - correct answer-doctrine based on the idea
that a precise separation of national power and state power
is possible and desirable
2. Enumerated (Expressed) Powers - correct answer-
seventeen powers granted to the national government;
includes taxation and regulation of commerce and the
authority to provide for the national defense
3. Federalism - correct answer-governmental system in which
authority is divided between two sovereign levels of
government; national and regional
4. Fiscal Federalism - correct answer-refers to the expenditure
of federal funds on programs run in part through states and
localities
, Page | 2
5. Grants-in-Aid - correct answer-federal cash payments to
states and localities for programs they administer
6. Implied Powers - correct answer-federal governments
constitutional authority to take action that is not expressly
authorized by the Constitution but that supports actions that
are so authorized
7. Nationalization - correct answer-process by which national
authority has increased over the course of US history as a
result of economic change but also political action
8. "Necessary and Proper" Clause - correct answer-authority
granted Congress to make laws which shall by necessary
and proper for the implementation of its enumerated powers
9. Reserved Powers - correct answer-powers granted to the
states under the tenth amendment to the constitution
10. Sovereignty - correct answer-the supreme authority to
govern within a certain geographical area
, Page | 3
11. Supremacy Clause - correct answer-makes national law
supreme over state law when the national government is
acting within its constitutional limits
12. Unitary System - correct answer-governmental system in
which the national government alone has sovereign authority
13. Affirmative Action - correct answer-programs designed to
ensure that women, minorities, and other traditionally
disadvantaged groups have full and equal opportunities in
employment, education, and other areas of life
14. Civil Rights - correct answer-right of every person to equal
protection under the laws and equal access to society's
opportunities and public facilities
15. De Facto Discrimination - correct answer-discrimination on
the basis of race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that
results from social, economic, and cultural biases and
conditions
