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NR 507 EDAPT WEEK 3
OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE LUNG
DISEASES
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE
ASTHMA
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MOST RECENTLY UPDATED 2026 2027
SECTION 1 OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
OVERVIEW
QUESTIONS 1 TO 20
1 A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease has a forced expiratory volume in 1 second
to forced vital capacity ratio of 0.65. Which
interpretation is correct?
A Normal
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B Obstructive pattern
C Restrictive pattern
D Mixed pattern
ANSWER B
Rationale An FEV1 to FVC ratio less than 0.70
indicates obstructive lung disease. In restrictive
disease, the ratio is normal or increased.
2 Which statement correctly describes the primary
pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease?
A Reversible airway inflammation
B Fixed airway obstruction with destruction of lung
parenchyma
C Restriction of lung volume due to chest wall
stiffness
D Interstitial fibrosis
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ANSWER B
Rationale COPD is characterized by fixed,
irreversible airway obstruction due to chronic
bronchitis and emphysema, with destruction of
alveolar walls and loss of elastic recoil.
3 A patient with COPD has a PaCO2 of 55 mm Hg.
The nurse understands that this patient is at risk for
which acid‑base disorder?
A Respiratory acidosis
B Respiratory alkalosis
C Metabolic acidosis
D Metabolic alkalosis
ANSWER A
Rationale An elevated PaCO2 above 45 mm Hg
indicates hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis due to
inadequate alveolar ventilation.
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4 Which cell type is primarily responsible for the
destruction of alveolar walls in emphysema?
A Neutrophils
B Eosinophils
C Macrophages
D Mast cells
ANSWER A
Rationale Neutrophils and macrophages release
proteases such as elastase that break down elastin
and alveolar walls, leading to emphysema.
5 A patient with alpha‑1 antitrypsin deficiency is at
risk for developing which lung disease?
A Asthma
B Emphysema
C Pulmonary fibrosis
D Sarcoidosis
NR 507 EDAPT WEEK 3
OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE LUNG
DISEASES
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE
ASTHMA
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MOST RECENTLY UPDATED 2026 2027
SECTION 1 OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
OVERVIEW
QUESTIONS 1 TO 20
1 A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease has a forced expiratory volume in 1 second
to forced vital capacity ratio of 0.65. Which
interpretation is correct?
A Normal
, Page 2 of 72
B Obstructive pattern
C Restrictive pattern
D Mixed pattern
ANSWER B
Rationale An FEV1 to FVC ratio less than 0.70
indicates obstructive lung disease. In restrictive
disease, the ratio is normal or increased.
2 Which statement correctly describes the primary
pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease?
A Reversible airway inflammation
B Fixed airway obstruction with destruction of lung
parenchyma
C Restriction of lung volume due to chest wall
stiffness
D Interstitial fibrosis
, Page 3 of 72
ANSWER B
Rationale COPD is characterized by fixed,
irreversible airway obstruction due to chronic
bronchitis and emphysema, with destruction of
alveolar walls and loss of elastic recoil.
3 A patient with COPD has a PaCO2 of 55 mm Hg.
The nurse understands that this patient is at risk for
which acid‑base disorder?
A Respiratory acidosis
B Respiratory alkalosis
C Metabolic acidosis
D Metabolic alkalosis
ANSWER A
Rationale An elevated PaCO2 above 45 mm Hg
indicates hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis due to
inadequate alveolar ventilation.
, Page 4 of 72
4 Which cell type is primarily responsible for the
destruction of alveolar walls in emphysema?
A Neutrophils
B Eosinophils
C Macrophages
D Mast cells
ANSWER A
Rationale Neutrophils and macrophages release
proteases such as elastase that break down elastin
and alveolar walls, leading to emphysema.
5 A patient with alpha‑1 antitrypsin deficiency is at
risk for developing which lung disease?
A Asthma
B Emphysema
C Pulmonary fibrosis
D Sarcoidosis
