RVT ARDMS LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Advantages of foam sclerotheraphy? - ✔✔1. Better visualization while it spreads
through targeted veins
2. Ability to use smaller amounts of solution
3. Better contact inside the veins due to the foam medium (it stays longer and is not
diluted by mixing with blood inside vein.)
✔✔What is surface laser treatment? - ✔✔-Uses a precise amount of light that is pulsed
through a special hand piece in order to target the vein or reddened skin area
-The absorbed light causes thermocoagulation of the treated blood vessel
✔✔What are reticular veins? - ✔✔1-3mm in diameter vein, dilated, purple or bluish
colored
✔✔What are primary varicose veins? - ✔✔Dilated, torturous superficial veins that may
be hereditary (result of congenital absence of one or more valves.)
-increased venous pressure that causes primary varicose vein s is unrelated to
obstruction of deep venous system
✔✔What are secondary varicose veins? - ✔✔Caused by obstructive conditions of the
deep venous system, such as previous DVT, or pregnancy; obesity May also be
considered.
✔✔Why would you use a vena caval interruption device? - ✔✔In patients with acute
DVT who cannot be anticoagulated to prevent PE.
-main purpose is to catch thrombus that may break loose from deep vein and embolize
to heart and lungs
✔✔How is interruption device inserted? - ✔✔Using fluroscopy, device is placed in IVC
via the jugular or femoral vein
✔✔Where is IVC placed in body? - ✔✔Just below renal veins
✔✔Why would a iliofemoral venous thrombectomy be performed? - ✔✔In a patient with
impending limb loss (due to phlegmasia cerulea dolens) if thrombolytic therapy does not
dissolve the clot
✔✔Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) occurs when? - ✔✔The distal veins cannot
maintain unidirectional blood flow proximally due to valvular incompetence.
✔✔Primary cause of venous insufficiency is? - ✔✔Superficial and/or deep venous
reflux, (resulting in chronic ambulatory venous hypertension)
, ✔✔What is portal hypertension? - ✔✔Elevated pressure in portal vein, resulting from
obstruction(increased resistance) of blood flow
✔✔Portal vein is formed by what two veins? - ✔✔1. Superior mesenteric vein
2. Splenic vein
✔✔What is a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS or TIPSS)? - ✔✔Is a
percutaneous procedure to create a shunt/communication between the Portal and
hepatic veins to decompress the portal vein.
✔✔How is TIPSS accomplished? - ✔✔1. Insert catheter in right internal jugular vein
2. Under fluroscopic guidance, advance catheter into right hepatic vein
3. Create bridge into portal vein (advance from hepatic vein into portal vein)
4. Support bridge with an endoprosthesis(stent)
✔✔What causes portal hypertension? - ✔✔pathology of portal vein, Small intrahepatic
portal vein radicals, Hepatic parenchyma, or the hepatic veins.
1. Cirrhosis
2. Cancer
3. Pancreatitis
4. Thrombosis
5. trauma
6. Advanced liver disease
7. Severe congestive heart failure
8. Proximal venous obstruction (hepatic vein or IVC obstruction)
✔✔Budd-chiari syndrome? - ✔✔Results from hepatic vein occlusion, causes vary with
regard to primary site of obstruction(hepatic vein level, sinusoids, or IVC)
✔✔Abnormal clinical findings for Budd-chiari syndrome? - ✔✔1. hepatomegaly
2. Abdominal pain
3. Sudden onset of ascites
✔✔3 causes of venous thrombosis also called, Virchow's Triad - ✔✔Venous stasis,
trauma/endothelial damage, hypercoagulability
✔✔Venous stasis - ✔✔Slowed blood flow in veins. Caused by immobility, myocardial
infarction, CHF, hypotension, COPD, obesity, pregnancy, previous DVT, extrinsic
compression, SVC syndrome, paraplegia, surgery associated conditions.
✔✔2 types of Trauma/endothelial damage - ✔✔Intrinsic and extrinsic
✔✔Intrinsic trauma is - ✔✔Damage to the vessel wall from intravenous drugs or a
catheter. Increased use of PICC line results in higher incidence of upper extremity
thrombus, usually developing at most proximal portion of PICC line.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Advantages of foam sclerotheraphy? - ✔✔1. Better visualization while it spreads
through targeted veins
2. Ability to use smaller amounts of solution
3. Better contact inside the veins due to the foam medium (it stays longer and is not
diluted by mixing with blood inside vein.)
✔✔What is surface laser treatment? - ✔✔-Uses a precise amount of light that is pulsed
through a special hand piece in order to target the vein or reddened skin area
-The absorbed light causes thermocoagulation of the treated blood vessel
✔✔What are reticular veins? - ✔✔1-3mm in diameter vein, dilated, purple or bluish
colored
✔✔What are primary varicose veins? - ✔✔Dilated, torturous superficial veins that may
be hereditary (result of congenital absence of one or more valves.)
-increased venous pressure that causes primary varicose vein s is unrelated to
obstruction of deep venous system
✔✔What are secondary varicose veins? - ✔✔Caused by obstructive conditions of the
deep venous system, such as previous DVT, or pregnancy; obesity May also be
considered.
✔✔Why would you use a vena caval interruption device? - ✔✔In patients with acute
DVT who cannot be anticoagulated to prevent PE.
-main purpose is to catch thrombus that may break loose from deep vein and embolize
to heart and lungs
✔✔How is interruption device inserted? - ✔✔Using fluroscopy, device is placed in IVC
via the jugular or femoral vein
✔✔Where is IVC placed in body? - ✔✔Just below renal veins
✔✔Why would a iliofemoral venous thrombectomy be performed? - ✔✔In a patient with
impending limb loss (due to phlegmasia cerulea dolens) if thrombolytic therapy does not
dissolve the clot
✔✔Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) occurs when? - ✔✔The distal veins cannot
maintain unidirectional blood flow proximally due to valvular incompetence.
✔✔Primary cause of venous insufficiency is? - ✔✔Superficial and/or deep venous
reflux, (resulting in chronic ambulatory venous hypertension)
, ✔✔What is portal hypertension? - ✔✔Elevated pressure in portal vein, resulting from
obstruction(increased resistance) of blood flow
✔✔Portal vein is formed by what two veins? - ✔✔1. Superior mesenteric vein
2. Splenic vein
✔✔What is a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS or TIPSS)? - ✔✔Is a
percutaneous procedure to create a shunt/communication between the Portal and
hepatic veins to decompress the portal vein.
✔✔How is TIPSS accomplished? - ✔✔1. Insert catheter in right internal jugular vein
2. Under fluroscopic guidance, advance catheter into right hepatic vein
3. Create bridge into portal vein (advance from hepatic vein into portal vein)
4. Support bridge with an endoprosthesis(stent)
✔✔What causes portal hypertension? - ✔✔pathology of portal vein, Small intrahepatic
portal vein radicals, Hepatic parenchyma, or the hepatic veins.
1. Cirrhosis
2. Cancer
3. Pancreatitis
4. Thrombosis
5. trauma
6. Advanced liver disease
7. Severe congestive heart failure
8. Proximal venous obstruction (hepatic vein or IVC obstruction)
✔✔Budd-chiari syndrome? - ✔✔Results from hepatic vein occlusion, causes vary with
regard to primary site of obstruction(hepatic vein level, sinusoids, or IVC)
✔✔Abnormal clinical findings for Budd-chiari syndrome? - ✔✔1. hepatomegaly
2. Abdominal pain
3. Sudden onset of ascites
✔✔3 causes of venous thrombosis also called, Virchow's Triad - ✔✔Venous stasis,
trauma/endothelial damage, hypercoagulability
✔✔Venous stasis - ✔✔Slowed blood flow in veins. Caused by immobility, myocardial
infarction, CHF, hypotension, COPD, obesity, pregnancy, previous DVT, extrinsic
compression, SVC syndrome, paraplegia, surgery associated conditions.
✔✔2 types of Trauma/endothelial damage - ✔✔Intrinsic and extrinsic
✔✔Intrinsic trauma is - ✔✔Damage to the vessel wall from intravenous drugs or a
catheter. Increased use of PICC line results in higher incidence of upper extremity
thrombus, usually developing at most proximal portion of PICC line.
