Risk Factors:
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Incidence increases with age: over 50
Genetic predisposition
Tobacco smoke
Ionizing radiation and inhaled irritants
Asbestos
Radon
How are bronchogenic carcinomas classified?
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, Small-cell Carcinomas
Non-Small Cell carcinomas
A client with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is in the emergency department
with shortness of breath and respiratory difficulty. On physical examination, the nurse
notes that the client has edema of the face and arms. The nurse suspects that the
client is experiencing which of the following?
Spinal cord compression
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Superior vena cava syndrome
Sepsis
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Superior vena cava syndrome
Rationale:
While all of the options are risks with a client who has lung cancer, edema
of the face and arms is caused by obstruction of blood flow, which is
indicative of superior vena cava syndrome. Spinal cord compression would
present with neurological symptoms. SIADH would result in general fluid
overload, and the septic client would have symptoms of infection.
Initial Symptoms often are attributed to:
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smoking or chronic bronchitis
, How do small-cell carcinomas spread?
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Grow rapidly and spread early
Diagnosis
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Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Activity intolerance
Pain
Anticipatory Grieving
Diagnostic Test are based on location and size of the tumor along with client
condition
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-Chest x-ray: 1st evidence
**Sputum specimen: collected on arising in the morning**
( a negative suptum sample does not rule out lung cancer; it may simple
indicate that the tumor is not shedding cells)
-Bronchoscopy: done to visualize and obtain a biopsy. if tumor cannot be
seen, airways flushed with saline solution (broncial washing)
-Computed tomography (CT): can detect distant tumor metastasis
-Cytologic examination, biopsy: aspirating fluid from a pleural effusion
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Incidence increases with age: over 50
Genetic predisposition
Tobacco smoke
Ionizing radiation and inhaled irritants
Asbestos
Radon
How are bronchogenic carcinomas classified?
Give this one a try later!
, Small-cell Carcinomas
Non-Small Cell carcinomas
A client with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is in the emergency department
with shortness of breath and respiratory difficulty. On physical examination, the nurse
notes that the client has edema of the face and arms. The nurse suspects that the
client is experiencing which of the following?
Spinal cord compression
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Superior vena cava syndrome
Sepsis
Give this one a try later!
Superior vena cava syndrome
Rationale:
While all of the options are risks with a client who has lung cancer, edema
of the face and arms is caused by obstruction of blood flow, which is
indicative of superior vena cava syndrome. Spinal cord compression would
present with neurological symptoms. SIADH would result in general fluid
overload, and the septic client would have symptoms of infection.
Initial Symptoms often are attributed to:
Give this one a try later!
smoking or chronic bronchitis
, How do small-cell carcinomas spread?
Give this one a try later!
Grow rapidly and spread early
Diagnosis
Give this one a try later!
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Activity intolerance
Pain
Anticipatory Grieving
Diagnostic Test are based on location and size of the tumor along with client
condition
Give this one a try later!
-Chest x-ray: 1st evidence
**Sputum specimen: collected on arising in the morning**
( a negative suptum sample does not rule out lung cancer; it may simple
indicate that the tumor is not shedding cells)
-Bronchoscopy: done to visualize and obtain a biopsy. if tumor cannot be
seen, airways flushed with saline solution (broncial washing)
-Computed tomography (CT): can detect distant tumor metastasis
-Cytologic examination, biopsy: aspirating fluid from a pleural effusion
