Exam focused Pharmacology NCLEX Questions and answers

A patient taking ACE inhibitors reports a persistent dry cough. ️️ Accumulation of bradykinin causing irritation of airways A nurse administers insulin and observes sweating and confusion shortly after. ️️ Hypoglycemia due to excess insulin effect A client on warfarin asks why regular blood tests are needed. ️️ To monitor INR and ensure proper anticoagulation A patient receiving morphine becomes very drowsy with slow breathing. ️️ Respiratory depression as an opioid side effect A client taking loop diuretics reports muscle cramps. ️️ Hypokalemia from increased potassium excretion A patient on beta-blockers experiences a slow heart rate. ️️ Decreased heart rate due to beta-1 receptor blockade A client using albuterol inhaler reports shakiness. ️️ Beta-2 stimulation causing tremors A patient taking metformin complains of diarrhea. ️️ Gastrointestinal irritation as a common side effect A nurse gives nitroglycerin and the patient develops headache. ️️ Vasodilation of cerebral vessels A patient on antibiotics develops white patches in the mouth. ️️ Oral candidiasis due to disrupted normal flora A client taking aspirin reports ringing in the ears. ️️ Salicylate toxicity A patient using corticosteroids long-term shows weight gain and moon face. ️️ Cushingoid effects from steroid use A client taking digoxin reports nausea and blurred vision. ️️ Signs of digoxin toxicity 2 A patient on lithium therapy shows tremors and confusion. ️️ Lithium toxicity A client receiving heparin has bleeding gums. ️️ Excess anticoagulation A patient taking SSRIs reports improved mood after several weeks. ️️ Delayed therapeutic effect of antidepressants A client on statins complains of muscle pain. ️️ Possible rhabdomyolysis A patient using opioids reports constipation. ️️ Reduced gastrointestinal motility A client taking antihistamines feels drowsy. ️️ Central nervous system depression A patient on proton pump inhibitors asks how it works. ️️ Inhibits gastric acid secretion A client taking calcium channel blockers experiences swelling in ankles. ️️ Peripheral edema due to vasodilation A patient on tetracycline is advised to avoid sunlight. ️️ Photosensitivity reaction A client taking sulfonylureas experiences dizziness and sweating. ️️ Hypoglycemia A patient on rifampin notices orange-colored urine. ️️ Expected harmless side effect A client receiving chemotherapy has hair loss. ️️ Effect on rapidly dividing cells A patient on benzodiazepines feels relaxed and sleepy. ️️ Enhanced GABA activity A client taking NSAIDs develops stomach pain. ️️ Gastric irritation A patient on levothyroxine reports palpitations. ️️ Excess thyroid hormone effect 3 A client using inhaled steroids develops hoarseness. ️️ Local irritation and fungal infection risk A patient taking antacids reports relief of heartburn. ️️ Neutralization of stomach acid A client on aminoglycosides reports hearing loss. ️️ Ototoxicity A patient taking clopidogrel asks its purpose. ️️ Prevents platelet aggregation A client using oral contraceptives asks about missed doses. ️️ Risk of reduced contraceptive effectiveness A patient on prednisone shows high blood sugar levels. ️️ Hyperglycemia due to steroid effect A client receiving epinephrine shows increased heart rate. ️️ Sympathetic stimulation A patient taking antihypertensives reports dizziness when standing. ️️ Orthostatic hypotension A client on vancomycin develops flushing and rash. ️️ Red man syndrome A patient taking antipsychotics develops muscle stiffness. ️️ Extrapyramidal symptoms A client on insulin therapy is taught injection rotation. ️️ Prevent lipodystrophy A patient taking diuretics reports frequent urination. ️️ Increased fluid excretion A client on antiepileptic drugs avoids abrupt discontinuation. ️️ Risk of seizures A patient taking codeine reports relief from cough. ️️ Suppression of cough reflex A client using nasal decongestants long-term develops congestion again. ️️ Rebound congestion 4 A patient on iron supplements has dark stools. ️️ Normal side effect A client taking antifungals reports liver discomfort. ️️ Possible hepatotoxicity A patient on immunosuppressants avoids crowds. ️️ Increased infection risk A client taking bronchodilators reports easier breathing. ️️ Airway relaxation A patient using eye drops for glaucoma reports reduced pressure. ️️ Decreased intraocular pressure A client taking antihypertensives asks about lifestyle changes. ️️ Diet and exercise enhance drug